1. Chapter 6: Lawyers
Street Law

2. Breakdown of Lawyers:
65% Private practices (criminal, civil, family, environmental, etc.)
15% Government lawyers who work for federal, state, or local agencies
15% Corporations, unions, or trade associations
Smaller # Public interest or legal aid organizations
Even smaller # Law professors, judges, or elected officials

3. Becoming a Lawyer Requirements to enter law school:
Bachelor’s degree (any subject)—generally need 3.0+ to stand a good chance of admission
LSAT—Law School Admissions Test
Graduate from law school (Doctor of Jurisprudence—JD)
Pass bar exam
Pass ethics exam
Character and fitness exam

4. Lawyers Most lawyers rarely go to court
Instead give advice, drafting legal opinions, negotiating settlements, or provide out-of-court legal advice.
Lawyers that do go to court are called litigators
In civil cases lawyers are advocates for their client
In criminal cases lawyer of the defendant does everything possible (without breaking the code of professional ethics) to secure the release and acquittal of his/her client.

5. When do you need a lawyer?
Majority opinion: When you get into trouble
Best option see one before the problem arises
You should see a lawyer if…
You are buying or selling a home or other real estate
Organizing a business
Changing your family status (divorce, separation, adoption, child custody, etc.)
Making a will or planning an estate
Signing a large or important contract
Handling accidents involving injury or property damage
Defending a criminal charge or bringing a law suit

6. How do you decide when you need a lawyer?
If a question of law is involved
If a legal document needs to be drawn up or analyzed (ex. will)
If you are involved in a court case
When do you not need a lawyer?
Using someone in a small claims court
Minor marriage issues can be solved by seeing a a marriage counselor or mediator
A bar association (organization of license lawyers) and other groups have services to help you decide if you need a lawyer.
Majority of these are free or have a small fee

7. Decide whether you need an attorney or not
You hit another car in a parking lot. Your insurance agent indicates that the company will pay for bodily injury and property damage.
You borrow a friend’s car without his knowledge, and he reports it to the police as stolen.
You buy a new stereo for $300. One month later, the receiver and speakers blow out. You return to the store, and the salesperson tells you that they are sorry but their stereos have only a two-week guarantee.
You decide to trade in your old car and buy a new one.

8. Need an attorney? (cont.)
5. Two friends are caught robbing a local store, and they name you as one who helped plan the robbery.
You are turned down when you apply for a job. You think you were rejected because you are deaf.
You do not want your family to inherit the $10,000 you have saved. You are told that you are going to die within a year and you want the money to be used for cancer research.
You and your spouse find you can no longer get along. You want a divorce.
You earn $5,000 working in a restaurant during the year. You want to file your federal income tax return.

9. How do you find a lawyer?
Make sure you find a lawyer that is right for you and your situation.
Ask someone with a similar situation for their lawyers name if they were satisfied with the outcome
Ask your employer, members of the clergy, business-people, or other professionals for the name of a lawyer that they trust
Go to the bar association or a lawyer referral service

10. How do you find a lawyer (cont.)
Go to the yellow pages or Google and look for “lawyers”
Go to the public library and look in Martinade-Hubble Law Directory which lists most of the lawyers in the U.S.
Provides education, professional honors, and types of cases they handle
Look on T.V., listen to the radio, look in newspapers/magazines, or billboards for advertisements

11. Lawyer Advertising What right allows lawyers to advertise?
For many years it was considered improper and was forbidden, but in 1977 the US Supreme Court rules that advertising by lawyers was protected by the 1st Amendment under the Freedom of Speech clause.
Advantages of lawyer advertising?
Helps consumers pick an attorney to hire
Lowers legal fees through competition
Disadvantages?
Encourages lawyers to be salespersons who are likely to make exaggerated claims

12. Other Notes
If you are unable to afford a lawyer you can be eligible for free legal advice at a legal aid, legal service, or public defender’s office
You need to ask for an estimate of the total charge when you see a lawyer
Does your lawyer charge by the hour or is it a flat fee?
Find out if the lawyer has ever handled this type of case before and if so what were the results
Find out who else will be working on the case, what each person charges an hour, and how often you will be billed

13. Lawyer Fees
Most lawyers require a retainer down payment on the total fee
You might be charged for court costs, filing fees, or other expenses
Contingency fee this is the percentage of what the client wins in a case. Lawyers will charge this instead of an hourly fee or flat sum
Client pays nothing except expenses if the case is lost
Most common in personal injury cases in which money damages are being sought
A typical contingency fee is 1/3 of the amount awarded to the client
Can be as high as 40% (and sometimes higher)

14. Working with your attorney
Attorney-client relationship is often based on oral agreements
Best to have things in writing!!!
See if your case is of interest to the following groups which will often represent you for free
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
American Conservative Union (ACU)

15. Working with your attorney (cont.)
You need to be able to trust your lawyer because your lawyer needs to know everything about your problem
Attorney-client privilege whatever you say to your attorney is secret and confidential and the information can not be disclosed to anyone without your permission
If you are not satisfied you may discharge your lawyer. However, if you are in court you must have a good reason to give to the judge
Lawyers must follow the Code of Professional Responsibility which is enforced by the state bar association

16. Code of Professional Responsibility
Canon 1: A lawyer should assist in maintaining the integrity and competence of the legal profession
Canon 2: A lawyer should assist the legal profession in fulfilling its duty to make legal counsel available
Canon 3: A lawyer should assist in preventing the unauthorized practice of law
Canon 4: A lawyer should preserve the confidences and secrets of a client
Canon 5: A lawyer should exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of a client.

17. Code of Professional Responsibility
Canon 6: A lawyer should represent a client completely.
Canon 7: A lawyer should represent a client zealously within the bounds of the law
Canon 8: A lawyer should assist in improving the legal system
Canon 9: A lawyer should avoid the appearance of professional impropriety.

18. Other Notes:
A lawyer must pass an examination to become a member of a state bar
Lawyers can be disbarred (no longer has a license to practice law) who violate the standards of conduct
If you have issues with your lawyer, you can report the problem to your local or state bar association
You can sue your lawyer for legal malpractice for serious errors that result in injury or loss.

19. Partner Activity
6.1, pg. 70
Work with a partner and decide whether the attorney in each situation acted ethically or unethically, and give an explanation for your answers.
Homework Thurs 9/22 Chapter 6 Activity worksheets, Test on Ch. 4-6 sometime next week!