ELC 200 Day 5 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except.

ELC 200 Day 5 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 1

Agenda Questions? Assignment 1 Corrected Assignment 2 Posted
Grades ranged from A  D Extra credit available in blackboard Assignment 2 Posted Due 9:30 AM (next class) Assignment#2.pdf Quiz 1 Date Change September 15  September 19 Finish Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 2

Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web
CHAPTER 2 Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. . 3

In this chapter, you will learn:
Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn: About the origin, growth, and current structure of the Internet How packet-switched networks are combined to form the Internet How Internet, , and Web protocols work About Internet addressing and how Web domain names are constructed © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 4 4

Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
About the history and use of markup languages on the Web How HTML tags and links work About the cost and performance of Internet connections technologies About Internet2 and the Semantic Web © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 5 5

IP Addressing (cont’d.)
ARIN Whois server returns IP address list owned by an organization in North America New devices creating high demand for IP addresses Subnetting is the use of reserved private IP LAN (WAN) addresses to provide more space Last IPv4 addresses allocated summer 2015 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) replaces IPv4 and uses 128-bit number for addresses Available addresses: 34 followed by 37 zeros More complex hexadecimal (16) notation system © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

TCP/IP Protocol Packet (Ver 4)

Electronic Mail Protocols
Electronic mail ( ) must be formatted according to common set of rules Most organizations use a client/server structure server computer devoted to handling Software stores and forwards messages (like a post office) client software reads and sends Communicates with server software Many services are offered by Web sites Standardization and rules are essential Two common protocols are used for © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Electronic Mail Protocols (cont’d.)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) specifies mail message format, and describes mail administration and transmission Post Office Protocol (POP) messages send mail to user’s computer and either deletes or does not delete it or asks if new mail has arrived Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) is a set of rules for handling binary files Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) performs the same basic POP functions but has some additional features © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Email server Email server SMTP HTTP POP. IMAP Web based email
Client based © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Page Request and Delivery Protocols
Web client computers run Web client software (Web browser software) Examples include Google Chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari and Mozilla Firefox (and Opera) Sends Web page file requests to other computers (Web servers) Web server computer runs Web server software Receives requests from many different Web clients and send back files Client/server architecture Combination: client and Web server computers © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Page Request and Delivery Protocols (cont’d.)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Internet Web page file delivery rules Web page request using Web browser User types protocol name Followed by “//:” characters before the domain name Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Combination: protocol name, domain name Locates resources (Web page) on another computer (Web server) Protocol//: server/file  How//:where/what © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Emergence of the World Wide Web
Software running on Internet-connected computers Generates network traffic Web software: largest single traffic category Outpaces: , file transfers, and other data transmission traffic Web resulted from new ways of thinking about information storage and retrieval Key technological Web elements Hypertext Graphical user interfaces © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

The Development of Hypertext
1945: Vannevar Bush: The Atlantic Monthly article Visionary ideas: future technology uses (Memex) 1960s: Ted Nelson described a page-linking system Douglas Engelbart: experimental hypertext system 1987: Nelson published Literary Machines Outlined project Xanadu an online global hypertext publishing and commerce system 1989: Tim Berners-Lee proposed development project to provide data-sharing functionality Developed hypertext server program code © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Hypertext history Memex 1945 Nelson’s Hypertext 1960 Tim Berners-Lee
Hypertext Code & WWW Nelson’s literary machine 1987 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

The Development of Hypertext (cont’d.)
Hypertext server stores files written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) which is used for the creation of Web pages Called Web servers today HTML is a language that includes a set of codes (tags) attached to text Describes relationships among text elements Hypertext link (hyperlink) Points to another location Same or another HTML document © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Graphical Interfaces for Hypertext
Web browser Software lets users read (browse) HTML documents and move from one HTML document to another through text formatted with hypertext link tags in file Graphical user interface (GUI) Presents program control functions, output to users, and input from users Pictures, icons, and other graphical elements © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

1993: GUI program (Mosaic) that could read HTML
The World Wide Web World Wide Web: Berners-Lee’s name for system of hyperlinked HTML documents Quick acceptance in scientific research community 1993: GUI program (Mosaic) that could read HTML Used HTML hyperlinks for page-to-page navigation First Web browser widely available for personal computers and still in use today Easy access to Internet information through system of pages connected by hypertext links Profit-making potential recognized by businesses © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

The World Wide Web (cont’d.)
Netscape Communications founded in 1994 Netscape Navigator Web browser (based on Mosaic) Microsoft: Internet Explorer (WAS most widely used) Mozilla Firefox: Netscape Navigator descendant Number of Web sites has grown more rapid growth than the Internet itself More than 800 million Web sites Over a trillion individual Web pages 2010 to 2011: number of Web sites doubled © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-3 Growth of the World Wide Web
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-3 Growth of the World Wide Web © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Deep Web: Store of information available through the Web
The Deep Web Web provides access to customized pages created in response to a user’s query Pull content from databases Example: search for “online business” book on Amazon.com Deep Web: Store of information available through the Web Potentially trillions of Web pages available using deep Web Difficult or impossible to search because available data that is never requested remains hidden © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Dotted decimal notation difficult to remember
Domain Names Dotted decimal notation difficult to remember Domain names are sets of words assigned to specific IP addresses Example: Contains three parts separated by periods Top-level domain (TLD): rightmost part Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) Sponsored top-level domains (sTLD) Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-4 Commonly used domain names
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-4 Commonly used domain names © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

How to Register a Domain Name
Check if the domain name you propose has been taken Register the name One of the most popular and reliable registration information sites is I use and © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc

Markup Languages and the Web
Text markup language specifies a set of tags inserted into text Markup tags (tags) provide formatting instructions Web client software understands Most commonly used markup language is HTML Subset of Generalized Markup Language (SGML) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) maintains Web standards Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) HTML version 4.0 reformulation as XML application © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Hypertext Markup Language
Hypertext elements are text elements related to each other HTML is the prevalent markup language to create Web documents W3C HTML Working Group page maintains detailed HTML versions and related topic information HTML version 5.0 was released in 2014 SGML is a metalanguage that can be used to define other languages Extensible Markup Language (XML) was derived from SGML and is used to tag shared information © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-5 Development of markup languages
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-5 Development of markup languages © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Tags are generally written in lowercase letters
HTML Tags Interpreted by the Web browser and used to format the display of text enclosed by the tags Enclosed in angle brackets (<>) Most have an opening tag and closing tag that format the text between them Closing tag is preceded by slash within the angle brackets (</>) User may customize tag interpretations so that different browsers display tagged text differently Tags are generally written in lowercase letters © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

One-sided tags require opening tag only
HTML Tags (cont’d.) One-sided tags require opening tag only Common example is the tag that creates a line break Some two-sided tags have an optional closing tag Common example is the paragraph tag Opening tag may contain one or more property modifiers that refines how the tag operates Other frequently used HTML tags allow Web designers to include graphics and format text as tables © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-6 Text marked up with HTML tags
© Cengage Learning 2017 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-7 Text marked up with HTML tags as it appears in a Web browser © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Hyperlinks on interlinked pages form a “web” of those pages
HTML Links Hyperlinks on interlinked pages form a “web” of those pages Linear hyperlink structure reads Web page in serial fashion Works well when customer fills out form Hierarchical hyperlink structure uses an introductory page (home page, start page) that links to other pages Site map often available for hierarchical sites HTML creates hyperlinks using HTML anchor tags © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-8 Linear vs. nonlinear paths through documents
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-8 Linear vs. nonlinear paths through documents © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-9 Three common Web page organization structures
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-9 Three common Web page organization structures © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Cascading Style Sheets
Style sheet is a set of instructions that gives Web developers control over displayed page formatting Usually stored in a separate file and referenced using HTML style tag May be included in Web page’s HTML file Cascading style sheets (CSS) can be applied to each Web page, one on top of the other © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)
HTML not a good tool for presenting large amounts of business data so designers turned to XML Uses paired start and stop tags to define the structure of a collection of data Includes data-management capabilities HTML cannot provide Greatest strength (and weakness) of XML is that it allows users to define their own tags Many companies have agreed to common standards for XML tags (data-type definitions (DTDs) or XML schemas) which are available for many industries © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-10 Country list data marked up with HTML tags

FIGURE 2-11 Country list data as it appears in a Web browser

FIGURE 2-12 Country list data marked up with XML tags
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-12 Country list data marked up with XML tags © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-13 Country list data marked up with XML displayed in a Web browser © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) (cont’d.)
Available DTDs or XML schemas include LegalXML for the legal profession MathML for mathematical and scientific information Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) for accounting and financial information standards Set of XML tag definitions called an XML vocabulary XML files usually not intended to display in browser Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) contains formatting instructions XML parsers format XML file for device screen © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-14 Processing requests for Web pages from an XML database
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-14 Processing requests for Web pages from an XML database © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Internet Connection Options
(the) Internet is a set of (all) interconnected networks Organizations connect computers using a network Many families have their home computers connected using a network Mobile phones are connected to the wireless phone service provider’s network Internet access providers (IAPs) or ISPs Provide Internet access to individuals, businesses, other organizations Offer several connection options © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Connectivity Overview
Common connection options are voice-grade telephone lines, various types of broadband connections, leased lines, wireless Bandwidth is the amount of data traveling through communication medium per unit of time Net bandwidth is actual data transmitted per second Symmetric connections provide the same bandwidth both directions Asymmetric connections provide different bandwidths for each direction © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Connectivity Overview
Two bandwidth types in an asymmetric connection are Upstream bandwidth (upload bandwidth) is a measure of amount of information that can travel from the user to the Internet in a given amount of time Downstream bandwidth (download, downlink bandwidth) is a measure of amount of information from the Internet to user in a given amount of time © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Voice-Grade Telephone Connections
Used in early days of Web Plain old telephone service (POTS) uses existing telephone lines, analog modem Bandwidth between 14.4  28 and 56 Kbps Total most people use higher bandwidth connection options Speeds greater than 200 Kbps are called broadband services © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Cable modems connect to the television cable
Broadband Services Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a higher grade of telephone service that does not use a modem Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) bandwidths from 100 to 640 Kbps upstream and 1 to 15 Mbps downstream DSL: Private line with no competing traffic Had to be within 5 km of exchange Cable modems connect to the television cable Bandwidths from client to server: 500 Kbps to 15 Mbps with downstream as high as 10 Mbps Connection bandwidths vary with number of subscribers competing for shared resource © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Leased-Line Connections
Large firms can connect to an ISP using higher bandwidths leased from telecommunications carriers Classified by equivalent number of telephone lines included which are more expensive than other options DS0 (digital signal zero) carries one digital signal (56 Kbps); T1 line (DS1) carries 24 DS0 lines (1.544 Mbps); T3 (DS3) 760 DS0  Mbps Technologies used include frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and optical fiber (instead of copper wire) Bandwidth determined by fiber-optic cable class © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Wireless Ethernet (Wi-Fi)
Most common wireless connection technology that is also called Latest version is ac with bandwidth ranges up to 2.5 Gbps and a range of 500 feet Speed impacted by objects the signals pass through Wireless access point (WAP) transmits packets between Wi-Fi-equipped computers and other devices within range Devices capable of roaming or shifting from one WAP to another without human intervention Hot sports are WAPs open to the public © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Personal Area Networks (Piconets)
Bluetooth is a low-bandwidth technology (722 Kbps) designed for personal use over short distances Useful for wireless synchronization and printing Devices consume very little power and can discover one another and exchange information automatically Ultra Wideband (UWB) provides bandwidth up to 480 Mbps and connections over short distances Future personal area networking applications ZigBee is a low bandwidth technology with applications designed for energy management and remote controls for consumer electronics © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Used in rural areas without cable service
Fixed-Point Wireless Used in rural areas without cable service System of repeaters used to forward radio signal from ISP to customers Repeaters are transmitter-receiver devices (transceivers) Uses mesh routing Directly transmits Wi-Fi packets through short-range transceivers (hundreds or thousands) Located close to each other © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Require geosynchronous satellites which have a inherent delay
Satellite Microwave Made connections to the Internet possible for the first time in many rural areas Use microwave transmitters that provide upload bandwidths in the range of 120 Kbps to 5 Mbps and downloads in the 1-16 Mbps range Installation cost has decreased due to improved technologies that allow self-installation Offered by airlines Once the only wireless Internet access available, but many other options now exist Require geosynchronous satellites which have a inherent delay © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Distance up and back = 44,600 miles
Speed of Light = 186,000 miles per second 186,000/44,600 = secs = 417ms latency For the Human eye anything > 100ms is perceived as a delay © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Mobile Telephone Networks
Number of mobile phones in 2014 (almost 8 billion) exceeded population for the first time in history Short message service (SMS) protocol Send and receive short text messages Third-generation (3G) wireless technology 2 Mbps download/800 Kbps upload speeds Fourth-generation (4G) technology Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) offer 14 Mbps download/ 8Mbps upload speeds © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 2-15 Internet connection options
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 2-15 Internet connection options © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Internet2 and the Semantic Web
Internet2 is an advanced research network created in 1996 as a replacement for ARPANET laboratory Experimental networking technologies test bed High end of the bandwidth spectrum (10 Gbps) Used by universities, medical schools, CERN Umaine was researching Internet2 in 1995/96 connected to I2 in 1998 Focus: mainly technology development © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Internet2 and the Semantic Web (cont’d.)
Semantic Web project has a goal of blending technologies and information Web pages tagged (using XML) with meanings Uses software agents (intelligent programs) to read XML tags, determine meaning of words Resource description framework (RDF) Set of XML syntax standards Development of Semantic Web will take many years Start with ontologies for specific subjects © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

ELC 200 Day 5 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except.

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ELC 200 Day 5 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except.

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