1. Wednesday 8/31/16

2. Class Discussion-
P. 27- from The Way to Rainy Mountain, N. Scott Momaday
Momaday’s memoir includes both facts and opinions about the Kiowas. Find an example of each, and explain how you know which is a fact and which is an opinion.
Two students must answer before moving to next slide.

3. One student must answer before next slide.
Answer- A fact is is the Kiowas surrender at Fort Sill, and an opinion is the description of the Kiowa as “among the finest horseman the world has ever known.”
Why would the last sentence be an an opinion?
One student must answer before next slide.

4. One student must answer
What does the myth on p. 30 (the third paragraph on the page, starts with “My grandmother had reverence for the sun..) explain?
One student must answer

5. Answer- It explains how the big dipper was formed, and also exemplifies the close connection between animals and people, a common theme in Native American folklore.

6. Memoir
A literary nonfiction genre. More specifically, it is a collection of memories that an individual writes about moments or events, both public or private that took place in the subject's life.

7. William Bradford
William Bradford ( ) was a founder and longtime governor of the Plymouth Colony settlement. Born in England, he migrated with the Separatist congregation to the Netherlands as a teenager. Bradford was among the passengers on the Mayflower’s trans-Atlantic journey, and he signed the Mayflower Compact upon arriving in Massachusetts in As Plymouth Colony governor for more than thirty years, Bradford helped draft its legal code and facilitated a community centered on private subsistence agriculture and religious tolerance. Around 1630, he began to compile his two-volume “Of Plymouth Plantation,” one of the most important early chronicles of the settlement of New England.

8. In class - Read p , from Of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford. Take turns reading out loud.

9. Discussion- One student must answer each question before changing the slide.
How does the phrase “God’s good providence” reflect Bradford’s beliefs?
What idea about life is reinforced by the adjectives sharp, violent, cruel, and fierce?
Based on Ch. 11- In this description what might be his reason for using the third-person plural pronoun they instead of first-person I?

10. Answers
He believes that the puritans avoided disaster because they were protected by God.
The adjectives sharp, violent, cruel, and fierce reinforce the idea that life was savage and dangerous.
To focus on the group as a whole rather than on himself; the puritan emphasis on community above self.

11. p.64 from Of Plymouth Plantation
Style
Style is the way in which something is written, as opposed to the meaning of what is written. In writing, however, the two are very closely linked. As the package for the meaning of the text, style influences the reader’s impression of the information itself. Style includes diction and tone. The main goal in considering style is to present your information in a manner appropriate for both the audience and the purpose of the writing. Consistency is vital. Switching styles can distract the reader and diminish the believability of the paper’s argument.

12. Diction
Diction is word choice. When writing, use vocabulary suited for the type of assignment. Words that have almost the same denotation (dictionary meaning) can have very different connotations (implied meanings).
Examples:
Formal Diction
Casual Diction
Slang (very informal)
are not angry
aren't mad
ain't ticked

13. Diction Activity
Label each sentence as formal, casual, or slang based on its diction.
Let’s go get some dinner.
It is vital to understand the text one reads.
Computers are a pain in the neck.
The Mona Lisa looks weird from up close.
Pickett’s charge at the Battle of Gettysburg was surely an awe-inspiring sight.

14. Group Discussion
A writer’s diction, or choice of words, sometimes has subtle effects on readers because words differ in their connotations, or emotional overtones. In the first sentence of his account, if Bradford has described the storms as big, rather than fierce, we would have a different impression of them. In the second paragraph discuss the connotations of the following words: joyful, deliberation, resolved, roaring, and entangled.
Connotation: an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

15. Tone
Aside from individual word choice, the overall tone, or attitude, of a piece of writing should be appropriate to the audience and purpose. The tone may be objective or subjective, logical or emotional, intimate or distant, serious or humorous. It can consist mostly of long, intricate sentences, of short, simple ones, or of something in between. (Good writers frequently vary the length of their sentences.)
One way to achieve proper tone is to imagine a situation in which to say the words being written. A journal might be like a conversation with a close friend where there is the freedom to use slang or other casual forms of speech. A column for a newspaper may be more like a high-school graduation speech: it can be more formal, but it can still be funny or familiar. An academic paper is like a formal speech at a conference: being interesting is desirable, but there is no room for personal digressions or familiar usage of slang words.
In all of these cases, there is some freedom of self-expression while adapting to the audience. In the same way, writing should change to suit the occasion.

16. Tone vs. Voice
Anything you write should still have your voice: something that makes your writing sound uniquely like you. A personal conversation with a friend differs from a speech given to a large group of strangers. Just as you speak to different people in different ways yet remain yourself, so the tone of your writing can vary with the situation while the voice -- the essential, individual thoughts and expression -- is still your own.
Examples:
“Don’t play what’s there; play what’s not there.”
- Miles Davis
“The notes I handle no better than many pianists. But the pauses between the notes—ah, that is where the art resides.”
- Artur Schnabel (1882–1951), German-born U.S. pianist.
These two musicians expressed the same thought in their own unique voices.

17. Homework
Read: A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson p. 82