1. Project Planning and Implementation
Dr. R Bista
Ms Gyan Laxmi Shrestha
Basic Administration Project
2017

2. Project Planning
Project planning decides in advance the scope and activities, design and technological plan, environmental plan, financing plan for the project, Management plan, time planning and resource plan of project

3. Budgeting Project in Terms of Time
To determine completion date for any project, it is necessary to timetable all the activities that make up the project.

4. Work Breakdown Structure
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical structure to logically sub-divide all the work elements of the project into graphical presentation
This is similar in structure to an organisation structure, also called organisation breakdown structure
A project can be logically sub-divided by project phases, location, tasks, sub-contractors etc.

5. Uses of WBS It helps to visualize the scope of project clearly
It helps to develop a complete lists of activities of the project
It helps to estimate budget for the project

6. Work Breakdown Structure and Description
Foundations
1.1.1
Wall/Roofs
1.1.2
Piping
1.2.1
H/C
Water
1.2.2
Wiring
1.3.1
Fitting
1.3.2

7. Estimating Completion Time of Activities
With the break down of work, Identify activities to be performed.
Time estimation for each activity
Technical sequencing of activities
Gantt Chart Preparation
Total Time required to Complete Project

8. Preparation of Gantt Chart
One of the oldest and still one of the useful methods of presenting information
The purpose of the Gantt Chart is to aid the time scale planning and sequencing of tasks in a visual form that can be grasped easily by the manager

9. Network Techniques 1. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
2. Critical Path Method (CPM)
Both methods are developed in late 1950s
CPM uses a deterministic approach which suits a project whose time duration can be accurately predicted. PERT uses a probabilistic approach and Expected time of of each activity in PERT = a+4m+b 6
Where, a = most optimistic (shortest) time, m = most likely time, b = pessimistic (longest) time

10. Critical and Non Critical Activity
Network diagram helps to identify critical and non critical activities.
Critical activities are the activities of a project that do not have any slack time and any delay to complete them will delay the project completion time.

11. Gantt chart showing critical activitiesB C
Activities D E F G
Weeks
(Activities shown with dotted lines are non critical activities)

12. Resource Planning
To complete project in time with minimum resource, careful planning of resource is necessary to identify the required resources
Resource requirement should match with resource supply
So resource planning not just means estimating resource requirements but also matching with supply, getting resource at minimum possible price and meeting quality requirement

13. Resource Estimation
Estimate resource requirements of each activity of the project (Material, labour, machines)
Compile resource requirement for each activity on early start bar chart
Compile the resource availability

14. Resource Estimation Cont….
Compile the resource availability
Draw the resource histogram
Compare resource forecast with resource availability and report overloads and underloads.
Smooth resources by moving activities with in their slack
Re-schedule the planning bar chart

15. Quality Plan
We hear many news of under quality of our projects. If projects are not completed within desired/or planned quality, we can not assure that project will generate heavier benefits than costs.
Designing quality specifications inputs and outputs as per required and procuring resources as per specification is vital for project success.

16. Prepare Procurement and Cash Requirement Plan
To match the resource requirement schedule, necessary procurement plan needs to be prepared
Cash requirement planning can be made with outflow of cash schedule

17. Financing Plan
Deciding and arranging finance required to construct/implement project.

18. Preparation of Final Schedule
Based on the availability of resource, schedule will be updated to make it final
With this schedule resource planning should be re-arranged

19. Project Implementation
Once preparation is completed, finance is assured and design is finalized, project is forwarded for implementation.
During project implementation phase, Project is put into action. Roads will be contracted and built, project activities will be started and completed, project output will be produced. So this is the investment phase of the project.

20. Outputs of Project Implementation
The output of the implementation phase is the new road, new hydropower capacity, new bridge, New hospital department, new irrigation system, Trained manpower, new product etc.

21. Project Implementation
For timely implementation of project, projects are divided into work packages and activities. Estimation of activity time, estimations of activity cost, preparation of time schedule, preparing project budget and procurement plan are to be decided in advance. Project management team works hard to achieve scheduled physical progress of project and to complete its scope.

22. Factors Affecting Project Implementation
Transfer of Project Staff
Poor procurement and Contract management
Financial management problems
Political pressures
Scope changes
Local support
Regular monitoring and control etc.

23. Thank You