1. CONFINED SPACE: AWARENESS & SAFETY
CONFINED SPACE MODULE
CONFINED SPACE:
AWARENESS
& SAFETY

2. INTRODUCTION TO CONFINED SPACE
UNIT 1.2
INTRODUCTION TO CONFINED SPACE
Student Manual Pages 5 through 8

3. UNIT OBJECTIVES
The Student Shall:
Describe Various Confined Space Incidents That Have Caused Injury Or Death.
Explain Why Training And Proper Planning Are Necessary For An Effective Confined Space Rescue.

4. YOUR EXPERIENCES
DO ANY OF YOU HAVE ANY KNOWLEDGE OF OR EXPERIENCE WITH CONFINED SPACE RESCUE?

5. LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA NORFOLK, VIRGINIA
CASE HISTORIES
BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK
LA PLATA, MARYLAND
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
BRISTOL, NEW HAMPSHIRE
LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA
NORFOLK, VIRGINIA

6. NORFOLK, VIRGINIA INCIDENT
1988
Occurred onboard the USS Ponce (LPD 15) at the Naval Amphibious Base- Little Creek in the City of Norfolk, VA.
Firefighter Robert L. Hoeflein of the Naval Amphibious Base FD died during rescue attempt.

8. OSHA STATISICS
Almost 240,000 Establishments With 4.8 Million Permit Required Confined Spaces
1.6 Million Workers Who Enter These Spaces
Average of 67 Fatalities Per Year
- Up To 60% Are Would-be Rescuers
5900 Lost Work Day Accidents Per Year
7000 Non-Lost Work Day Accidents Per Year

9. Working in confined spaces can be very dangerous.
UNIT SUMMARY
Working in confined spaces can be very dangerous.
As the statistics show, performing rescues in confined can be even more dangerous.
Proper planning and the use of well trained and equipped personnel are the key ingredients to a successful rescue operation.

10. REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
UNIT 1.3
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Student Manual Pages 9 through 16

11. UNIT OBJECTIVES UNIT OBJECTIVES
The Student Shall:
Identify The Regulations Which Must Be Followed When Performing Confined Space Rescue.
Explain How These Regulations Impact The Delivery Of Confined Space Rescue Services.
Identify Other Standards That Are Used To Assist In Developing SOPs And Response Plans.

13. DEFINITION OF CONFINED SPACE
Is Large Enough And Configured So Someone Can Enter And Work.
Has Limited Or Restricted Entry Or Exit.
AND
Is Not Designed For Continuous Occupancy.

14. Examples of Confined Spaces

15. Definition of Permit Required Confined Space
Has One Or More Of The Following Characteristics:
Contains Or May Potentially Contain A Hazardous Atmosphere.
Contains A Material With The Potential To Engulf An Entrant.
Has Inwardly Converging Walls Or A Downward Sloping Floor And Tapers To A Smaller Cross-section That Could Entrap Or Asphyxiate An Entrant.
Contains Any Other Recognized Serious Safety Or Health Hazard.

16. Major Functions
Attendant
Entrant
Entry Supervisor -or- Command

17. Rescue & Emergency Services
May be on-site or off-site team.
On-site Teams
Advantages
- Quick response
- Familiar with spaces
Disadvantages
- May not be well versed in "unusual" situations.
- May not be trained for difficult rescues.
Off-site Teams (i.e.. Fire Depts. etc.)
- Available for calls where permit not required or team not provided.
- Because of non-site specific responsibilities, must train for any situation. (versatility)
- Slower response times
- May not have detailed knowledge of the space.
Equipment and PPE must be provided to perform rescues.

19. REQUIRED RESCUE TEAM TRAINING
Rescue Teams Must Be Trained In The Following Areas:
Personal Protective Equipment.
Rescue Equipment.
Duties Assigned To The Individual.
Simulated Rescues From Actual Or Representative Spaces On An Annual Basis.
First Aid And CPR

20. Other Requirements
Rescue service must be informed of hazards & provided access to the space for planning & training.
Requires use of retrieval systems on entrants unless shown to create a greater hazard

21. These mandatory and recommended standards include :
UNIT SUMMARY
There are a number of standards that we are required to follow if we are going to perform rescues from confined spaces.
While these standards may at times seem burdensome, their existence provides us with a framework in which to train and equip our people for a safe and effective rescue.
These mandatory and recommended standards include :
OSHA (Occupational Standards & Health Administration)
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)

22. FIRE DEPARTMENT CONFINED SPACE RESCUE PLANS
UNIT 1.4
FIRE DEPARTMENT CONFINED SPACE RESCUE PLANS
Student Manual Pages 17 through 22

23. UNIT OBJECTIVES
The Student Shall:
Identify The Components Of A Fire Department Confined Space Response Plan
Describe The Reasons Why A Response Plan Is Necessary

24. RESPONSE PLAN COMPONENTS
Identification Of Confined Spaces
On Fire Department Property
Department Will Have To Follow Regulations Like Any Other Employer With Spaces On Their Property.
In The Response District
Industrial, Commercial And Institutional Areas
Agriculture
Marine
Public Services

25. RESPONSE PLAN COMPONENTS
Department Response Levels
Primary Response Team
Backup Response Team
First Responder
Support Response
No Response

26. RESPONSE PLAN COMPONENTS
Personnel Requirements
Selection Of Personnel
Duties of Individuals and Companies
Training
Incident Command
Resources

27. RESPONSE PLAN COMPONENTS
Equipment Requirements
Types Of Equipment Needed Based On Response Level
Availability Of Equipment
How quickly can the equipment be obtained if not in- house.

28. Response Checklist
Purpose is to provide a permit for entry into confined spaces
for rescue. Provides checklist for various hazards that may be
present and the appropriate procedure to deal with the hazard.
Assists in determining risk vs. benefit
Rescue versus Recovery

30. UNIT SUMMARY Identification Of Confined Spaces In The District
Fire Department Response Levels
Personnel Requirements
Equipment Requirements
Confined Space Response Checklist

31. CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
UNIT 2.2a
CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
Student Manual Pages 37 through 40

32. The Student Shall: UNIT OBJECTIVE
Identify And Describe The Various Potential Hazards Associated With Confined Spaces.

33. Hazardous Atmospheres
Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres
Flammable Atmospheres
Toxic Atmospheres

34. General/Physical Hazards
Temperature Extremes
Engulfment Hazards
Noise
Slick / Wet Surfaces
Falling Objects
Released Energy And Materials

36. UNIT SUMMARY
The hazards involved in confined space rescue may or may not be readily identifiable and may change very quickly. While the majority of injuries and deaths occur from atmospheric hazards, the physical hazards associated with confined spaces can make a rescue situation very dangerous.

37. Student Manual Pages 61 through 64
UNIT 2.2e
SPACE ISOLATION
Student Manual Pages 61 through 64

38. The Student Shall: UNIT OBJECTIVES
Identify The Various Hazards Associated With Confined Space Isolation.
Identify And List The Techniques Available To Isolate Confined Spaces.
List The 6 Points Of The OSHA Isolation Procedure.

39. OSHA Isolation Procedure
1) Prepare For Shutdown
2) Shut Down The Equipment
3) Isolate The Equipment
4) Apply Lockout, Tagout And/Or Bleed/Block Devices
5) Control Stored Energy
6) Verify Isolation Of The Space

40. Lockout / Tagout Devices
Lockout Hasp
Valve Cover
Lockout Tag

41. Lockout / Tagout Devices

42. Bleed / Block PROCESS VESSEL OR TANK Line Blind Valves Closed, Secured
and Tagged
Drain Cap (Removed)
Tag
Flanged Dutchman
(Removed)
PROCESS
VESSEL OR
TANK
Tag
Blank With Blind Flanges
Attach hose to drain pipe nipple
when cap is removed, and run
free end into container on floor
or run to a safe area, as appropriate.
Tag
Blind
Flange
Container

43. UNIT SUMMARY Hazards Requiring Isolation
OSHA 6 Step Isolation Procedure
Methods Of Space Isolation

44. CASE HISTORIES Case History 1- Case History 2- Case History 3-
Bulk Petroleum Storage Facility
Case History 2-
Sewer Line Manhole
Case History 3-
Electroplating Company
Case History 4-
Firefighter in a Well