1. Microcontroller basics

2. Arduino IDE
Download from:

3. About Arduino Uno 14 Digital I/O pins (6 PWM) Reset button USB port
12 V input
6 Analog Input pins
3.3 V and 5 V outputs

4. Setting up Arduino IDE

5. Structure of an Arduino code
1. Define Variables
Before going to the setup function constant variables should be defined
int pin = 1;
2. Setting up functions
void setup() {}
Setup function is run once, when the microcontroller boots up or resets.
After setup function the processor moves to run code inside the loop function. Code inside loop function will be run over and over until the microcontroller is shut down.
void loop() {}
3. Eternal loop
It’s required to have both setup() and loop() functions in the code

6. Example 1 - Blinking led You need Breadboard Led Resistor (270 ohm)
Arduino
Wires

7. Breadboard
Terminals with blue and red lines are called power busses and are connected together horizontally.
Terminals in the middle are connected together vertically. The gap in the middle separates the two sides.

8. Example 1

9. Arduino C – Basic functions
pinMode(var1, var2)
pinMode functions sets the mode of given pin. Var1 is the number of the pin and var2 is the mode (INPUT, OUTPUT)
digitalWrite(var1, var2)
digitalWrite changes the status of the pin. Var1 is the number of the pin and var2 is the status (LOW, HIGH).

10. Writing your first program
Basic blinking LED
int ledPin = 13;
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); }
void loop()
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

11. Writing your first program
Basic blinking LED
int ledPin = 13; //Variable to store the pin number
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); //set ledPin as output }
void loop()
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //LED ON
delay(1000); //Wait 1000ms (=1s)
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //LED OFF

12. Uploading the program Click Verify The program is checked Click Upload
The program is uploaded to the Arduino mCu board 2. 1.

13. Example 2 - Controlling servomotor with Arduino
Servomotor is controlled with PWM signal
For controlling servomotor only Arduino is needed
Arduino IDE has its own servomotor library

14. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Basic terms
Duty cycle = Pulse Width / Wave Period

15. Example 2
Using 5 V servo motor

16. Example 2 #include <Servo.h> Servo myservo; int pos = 0;
void setup() {
myservo.attach(9); }
void loop()
for(pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 1)
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
for(pos = 120; pos>=0; pos-=1)

17. Example 2 #include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position
void setup() {
myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object }
void loop()
for(pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 1) // goes from 0 degrees to 120 degrees
{ // in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
for(pos = 120; pos>=0; pos-=1) // goes from 120 degrees to 0 degrees

18. Example 3 - Servomotor control with potentiometer
You need
Breadboard
Servomotor
Potentiometer
Arduino Uno
Wires

19. Example 3

20. Example 3 analogRead(analogPinNumber);
Reads the analog pin where the potentiometer is attached
map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh);
Scales the potentiometer value to servomotors angle
The analog input has 10 bit resolutions

21. Example 3 #include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
int potpin = A0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer (F0/A0)
int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin
void setup() {
myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object }
void loop()
val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value between 0 and 1023)
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 120); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between 0 and 120)
myservo.write(val); // sets the servo position according to the scaled value
delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there