1. By Gaurav Chaudhary 15/IC/24
CAPACITORS
By Gaurav Chaudhary
15/IC/24

2. Highlights Introduction Types of capacitors Capacitor and Capacitance
Charging and Discharging
Capacitors as series and parallel
Applications
Advantages and disadvantages
Future possibilities
Conclusion
Reference

3. Introduction Electronic component
Two conducting surfaces separated by an insulating material (dielectric)
Stores electric charge
Symbol

4. Types of capacitor
Polar capacitor :- Such capacitors that has polarity Also known as electrolytic capacitors.
Non-polar capacitor :- Such capacitor that has no polarity. Ceramic and mica are some non-polarized capacitor.

5. Capacitor and Capacitance
Increase in charge Q stored on the plates results in increase in voltage V across the plates
Q α V
Q = C*V
The proportionality const. is capacitance C
so, C= Q/V
Also, C= (ꞒoꞒr*A)/D
Unit of capacitance is farad, F.
so, 1F= 1C /V

6. Charging and Discharging
When switch is at 1 then capacitor is charging.
When switch is at 2 then it discharges through resistor.
For discharging, V=Vo*e^-(t/RC)
For charging, V=Vo[1-e^-(t/RC)]

7. Capacitor as series and parallel
Capacitors in Parallel Circuits
Following is the formula for calculating total capacitance in a circuit containing capacitors in parallel.
C = C1 + C2 + C3 ...
Capacitors in Series Circuits
Following is the formula for calculating total capacitance in a circuit containing two capacitors in series.
C = (C1 + C2) ÷ (C1 × C2)…

8. Applications Energy storage Digital memory Motor starter
Noise filtering
As sensors
Producing lights etc.

9. Cntd..
Capacitive sensor
Oscillators:

10. Advantages and disadvantages
 long life with little degradation and environmental friendly
Very high rate of charge and discharge
Improves safety
Low cost per cycle
• Disadvantages:
As with any capacitor, the voltage varies with the energy stored. Effective storage and recovery of energy requires complex electronic control and switching equipment, with consequent losses of energy
Linear discharge voltage prevents use of the full energy spectrum.
High self-discharge – the rate is considerably higher than that of an electrochemical battery.

11. Future possibilities
Using next level of capacitors, it will be possible to invent paper-thin electronic devices.
Charging a device will be completed in a few seconds.
Energy can be stored for a long period of time.

12. Summary Capacitors are energy storage device
Life cannot be imagined without capacitors
 It provides energy storage system to restrain the bus voltage fluctuations in the micro grid.
It is used for safety purposes
It compensate the energy effectively when the voltage sag occurred in the bus of the micro grid

13. Reference Google photos https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor