1. Overview of radiation processing in China
Kenneth Hsiao
Dasheng Electron Accelerator

2. Relative importance of different applications
Modification of polymers 
Medical Sterilization
Food

3. Modification of polymers
Areas of application
Wire & cable over 10k manufacturers (solar, railway, automobile, house…)
Heat shrinkable material over 200 manufacturers
Polyethylene foam
PE packaging film
Battery membrane
PTC

4. Medical Sterilization
Products
Disposable gloves, gown, syringe, lab ware…
ETO: more than 75%
Gamma: around 20%
EB: less than 5%

5. Food Pickled chicken feet over 400k tons a year Pet food
Dehydrated vegetables
Spice & seasoning
Seafood: frozen and dry

6. Food Quantity of irradiated food in China
Source: Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy

7. Electron Beam
estimated 380 electron beams installed by end of 2012 (source: China Isotope & Radiation Association)
301 EB (close to 80%) made in China
238 EB (>60%) was installed after 2008 (~50 /year)
Over 30 Linac (10MeV)
6 Rhodotrons
estimated about 450 beams running in China to date

8. Electron Beam
Applications
Source: CIRA 2012

9. EB Service Centres Dasheng 22 Woer 18 mainly in house El Pont 17
Changyuan 13 mainly in house
Kaiheng 12

10. EB + X-ray capabilities
Electron manufacturers
Linac: Nuctech, CIAE (China Institute of Atomic Energy), Vanform, Elpont, Gray, Hiwits, Superpower High Tech
DC Type: Dasheng, Elpont, Hiwits. All with X-ray capability
               

11. Gamma Over 140 gamma irradiators operative in China
Design capacity over 160 MCi
Actual loading about 60 MCi
Over 40 irradiators designed over 1 MCi
Over 60 gamma irradiators have been shut down in the past ten years:
Too old and too small
Sub-standards
Urbanization: become centers of many cities
About 8 under construction

12. Gamma Centers Zhongjin Irradiation
11 radiators across 7 cities in China
CIR (China Isotope & Radiation Corp)-CNNC
4 locations across China
Beijing Hongyisifang Radiation Technology 

13. Gamma source capabilities
Cobalt Producer
CNNC Tongxin Nuclear Technology (part of CIR)
Produces about 6 MCi of cobalt-60 a year
China needs about 10MCi to 12 MCi annually
Gamma irradiator manufacturers
CNNC Bine (part of CIR)
SQHL

14. Factors that will impact developmentEB
Too much competition among producers of EB
More competition among the service centers
Gamma
Not enough domestic Co-60 supply
Imported Co-60 price seem to go up
Too many research centers getting into the market
Too much competition

15. Expected development EB+X-ray
More application markets will be developed in the areas of tire industry, surface curing, environment, sterilization …
EB & X-ray will continue to grow strong at rate of machines a year for the next few years
X-ray will continue to improve the efficiency and be more economical than gamma
Gamma will slow down and more small operators will close down due to strict safety requirement 
M & A, PE

16. Thank you
dEA