1. IMMUNE SYSTEM
Anatomy & Physiology

2. FUNCTION Protect body from infection from: pathogens bacteria toxins
viral
parasite
fungi

3. DEFENSE..<clap clap> DEFENSE
First line- skin/mucous membranes & mucus
Provides a physical barrier preventing access into body
Physiological variables:
pH and temperature
Chemical defense: nitric oxide; enzymes

4. IMMUNE SYSTEM: 2 BRANCHES
Innate (response to non “self” cells
Adaptive (response to previously recognized foreigner)

6. CELLS! Neutrophil- 60% WBC, patrol tissue, large numbers when infected
short lives (die after digesting bacteria)
dead crud = pus
Macrophage- large, found in organs; made in bone marrrow
(monocytes); long lived; innate
Phagocytic and release cytokines (enhance immune response)
phagocytosis : release histamine (cells under attack) neutrophil comes

7. MORE CELLS!
Basophil - release histamine (dilate blood vessels) cause redness, swelling, heat, fever
IE: INFLAMMATION

8. Cells…known as: Lymphocytes
Lymphocyte- produce antibodies; T & B cells, circulate in blood and lymph when mature
B lymphocyte: many diff types, plamsa cells(make lots of antibodies); memory cells(divide fast as soon as antigen is present again)
T lymphocytes: secrete cytokines; help B divide and kill cells and memorize antigen

9. ANTIBODIES Antibodies (immunoglobin) (IG)
IgG: most abundant; in blood/lymph; can cross placenta
IgA: found in teras; milk, blood; lymph
IgM: first to be secreted, blood/lymph; cant cross placenta
IgD: blood, lymph, B cells
IgE: allergies

10. Specific vs. non-specific
Nonspecific immunity: initial immune reaction against foreign antigens via nonspecific antibodies and immune cells
Specific immunity involves production of antibodies against a particular antigen

11. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Anatomy & Physiology

12. Consists of: Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic tissue/organs Organs include:
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils

13. FUNCTIONS Return interstitial fluid/proteins to blood
Transport dietary fats to adipose tissue
Protect against cancer/infection
Eliminate abnormal (sick/old/cancerous), cells and pathogens

14. ORGANS Lymph nodes: oval, bean shaped; scattered throughout body
can be deep or superficial
FUNCTIONS:
filter lymph
trap foreign material/debris/bad cells;
produce lymphocytes

16. ORGANS Spleen: largest lymph organ FUNCTIONS:
A. Red pulp: contains circulating blood, filter and store blood
site for immune surveillance/response
easily ruptured from trauma
regulating blood; site of fetal erythrocyte production
store approx. 1L of blood (released during emergency)
B. White pulp: similar to lymph; has immune cells

17. ORGANS Thymus Tonsils: multiple groups of large lymph vessels
differentiation and maturation of T cells
secretes hormones critical in childhood
shrinks as you age
Tonsils: multiple groups of large lymph vessels
Trap and destroy bacteria w/ immune cells
Palatine tonsil: most infected
Pharyngeal
Lingual:  base of tongue

18. LYMPH FLOW Approx. 3 L of lymph is made
Flow is facilitated by muscle/respiratory pump and valves of smooth muscle