1. Gaps assessment in GAIA-CLIM
The GAIA-CLIM project ( )
…aims to improve the use of non-satellite measurements to characterize, calibrate and validate satellite climate data records of Essential Climate Variables
The Gaps Assessment
… serves to formulate remedies to a set of identified key user needs

2. GAIA-CLIM project – the what
Aims to ensure best metrological practices followed
Makes use of statistical, modelling and data assimilation tools
Principal user outcomes
A Virtual Observatory (‘VO tool’)
(2) Documentation of gaps and remedies with prioritization

3. BK Scientific
18 partners

4. GAIA-CLIM scientific components
Mapping and assessing observational capabilities
Improving metrological characterization of measurements
Quantifying co-location mismatch effects
Using data assimilation as integrators
Serving match-ups with uncertainties via a Virtual Observatory

5. Example of a key GAIA-CLIM results 1. Traceability chains
As a first step to the production of metrologically traceable estimates, traceability chains have been produced for set of instrument techniques:
Lidars, MWR, FTS, UV/vis, MAX-DOAS / Pandora, and GNSS-PW

6. 2. GRUAN data processor
- Takes a GRUAN Vaisala RS92 radiosonde profile, which includes a metrologically traceable uncertainty estimate at every point in the profile
- Converts the profile and its uncertainty into an equivalent TOA radiative profile and uncertainty (with assumptions on the non-T,q,P components)
- Enables a comparison between the satellite and GRUAN measurement at Level-2 and Level-1b
Ongoing work
Still better account in the uncertainty for correlated / random / partially correlated terms

7. Gaps assessment
The GAIA-CLIM gap assessment process basically uses a 3-step approach
Step 1 (2015) Identification of unfulfilled user needs (gaps)
What are key issues for users of non-satellite measurements?
Step 2 (2016) The formulation of remedies
How to resolve these gaps practically?
Step 3 (2017) Review and consolidation of the user needs and the proposed remedies and further prioritization
Collection of reviews by stakeholders (NOW)

8. Gaps assessment
GAID - Gaps Assessment and Impacts Document – A living document
Online catalogue
The possibility - will be created shortly - to interact with the project team and provide your comments online on the formulated user needs and proposed remedies
Important Note A gaps assessment builds on the existing (knowledge) infrastructure. Care should be taken not to (accidently)
create new gaps while resolving the identified gaps

9. Cross-sections through the gaps and proposed remedies
As provided in GAID and catalogue
Gaps
Gap Type
Instrument technique
ECV
Validation aspects addressed
Remedies
Remedy Type
Relevance / Outcome of Success
Scale of Work / Time bound / Costs
Potential actor(s)

10. Gap types and remedy types
As provided in GAID and catalogue
Gap types
Gaps in Spatiotemporal Coverage
Gaps in the Coverage of the Vertical Domain and/or in Vertical Resolution
Gaps in the Measurement Uncertainty
Gaps in the Comparator Uncertainty
Technical gaps
Parameter gaps
Governance gaps
Remedy types
Technical work
Laboratory work
Scientific research
(Instrument) Deployment
Governance
Education/Training

11. Gaps with proposed remedies (1)
G Relative paucity and geographical concentration of reference quality measurements, with limited understanding of uncertainty in remaining measurements, limits ability to formally close satellite to non-satellite comparisons
Remedies proposed (1 and 2)
(R1) Improved characterisation of high quality instrumentation (scientific)
Developments for the improved metrological understanding for a broad range of instrumentation
(R2) Steps to realise benefits of a system of systems approach to observing strategies (scientific)
Better propagating information across observing networks

12. Gaps with proposed remedies (1)
G Relative paucity and geographical concentration of reference quality measurements, with limited understanding of uncertainty in remaining measurements, limits ability to formally close satellite to non-satellite comparisons
Remedies proposed (3 and 4)
(R3) Improved quantification of the impacts of geographical gaps (technical)
Robust scientific basis to assess the impacts of current gaps to aid decision makers in deciding how and where to expand reference network capabilities
(R4) Instigation and propagation of high quality reference network research infrastructures in data sparse regions (deployment)
Paucity of high-quality reference network observational infrastructures in many areas of the globe for reasons of logistics, skills, geopolitics, and funding etc.

13. Gaps with proposed remedies (2)
G Under-capacity of workforce to exploit satellite data and satellite characterisation
Remedies proposed
(R1) Undergraduate, masters and doctoral training programs in Copernicus-relevant programs (Education/training)
The exploitation of Copernicus data and services requires the training of a competent workforce of data providers, analysts, managers and service provision experts
(R2) Instigate formal qualification of competency in provision of Copernicus services (Education/training)
Ensure that users can be confident of competency of service provider to deliver relevant information services

14. The GAID and prioritization process
GAID - Gaps Assessment and Impacts Document – living document and online catalogue
* Currently 43 gaps with one or more remedy are described
Who is the document for?
Approaches to gap selection / presentation
By impact
By priority
By time to resolution
By likely cost
Subset of gaps (ideally single or family/clustered) to ensure actionable?
With prioritization and justification
Clear linkages between recommendations

15. Discussion / Suggestions
Better formulation of key user needs
Missing or inappropriate gaps
Review and Improvement on proposed remedies
Other suggestions for potential actor(s)
Your feedback invited directly in the online catalogue of gaps