1. Relative Pronouns (2)

2. Definition
Clauses – collection of words that contain both a subject and a verb
May or may not be a complete thought
Incomplete thought is called a dependent clause
Complete thought is called an independent clause
“The lame will leap like a deer, and those who cannot speak will shout and sing!”

3. Definition How do we use dependent clauses?
Nouns - “Go back to John and tell him about what you have heard and seen –
Adjectives - God blesses those who are not offended by me.
Adverbs - And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf.

4. Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a (dependent) adjective clause (also called a relative clause)
That is, it starts a clause that describes a noun
Examples:
“Go back to John and tell him about what you have heard and seen – …
God blesses those who are not offended by me.
And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf.

5. Relative Pronouns In English, there are 5 relative pronouns: Who Whom
Whose
Which
That

6. Relative Pronouns In English, there are 5 relative pronouns:
Who, Whom, Whose, Which, and That
The choice of which relative pronoun to use is determined by:
Whether it refers to a person or a thing
The role the relative pronoun plays in its clause
Is it the subject of the clause? (subjective case)
Is it an object in the clause? (objective case)
Does it show possession? (possessive case)

7. Relative Pronouns
The choice of relative pronoun is determined by whether it refers to a person or a thing
Who (subject) and whom (object) refer to people.
Ex: The boy who rang the bell is my son.
Ex: The boy whom you met is my nephew.

8. Relative Pronouns
The choice of relative pronoun is determined by whether it refers to a person or a thing
Who (subject) and whom (object) refer to people.
Ex: The boy who rang the bell is my son.
Ex: The boy whom you met is my nephew.
Whose is for possession and can refer to people or things
Ex: The boy whose bike was stolen was my brother.
Ex: France, whose capital is Paris, is an interesting country.

9. Relative Pronouns
The choice of relative pronoun is determined by whether it refers to a person or a thing
Which refers to things.
Ex: The candle which melted was pretty cheap
Ex: The candle which you made looks very nice.)

10. Relative Pronouns
The choice of relative pronoun is determined by whether it refers to a person or a thing
Which refers to things.
Ex: The candle which melted was pretty cheap
Ex: The candle which you made looks very nice.)
That can refer to people or things but only in defining clauses.
Ex: The man that ran the marathon was very tired.
Ex: The dog that everyone fears is a pit bull.

11. When to Use Each Pronoun
People or Things
Subjective Case
Objective Case
Possessive Case
People
who (The boy who rang the bell is my son.)
whom (The boy whom you met is my nephew.)
whose (The boy whose bike was stolen was my brother)
Things
which (The candle which melted was pretty cheap.)
which (The candle which you made looks very nice.)
whose (The candle whose wick had snapped was not cheap.)
that (The man that ran the marathon was very tired.)
that (optional) (The dog that everyone fears is a pit bull.)
whose (The dog whose bark sounds like a cat is my neighbors.)

12. Relative Pronouns
“That” in the objective case can be omitted; either of the following is acceptable:
The dog that everyone fears is a pit bull.
The dog everyone fears is a pit bull.
But not in the subjective case:
Makes sense: The man that ran the marathon was very tired.
Does not make sense: The man .. ran the marathon was very tired.

13. Matthew 11: 2-6 (p 942)
John the Baptist, who was now in prison, heard about all the things the Messiah was doing. So he sent his disciples to ask Jesus “Are you really the Messiah we’ve been waiting for, or should we keep looking for someone else?” Jesus told them, “Go back to John and tell him about what you have heard and seen – the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cured, the deaf hear, and the dead are raised to life, and the Good News is being preached to the poor. And tell him: ‘God blesses those who are not offended by me.’”

14. Matthew 11: 2-6 (p 942)
“Are you really the Messiah we have (we’ve) been waiting for, or should we keep looking for someone else?” “Are you really the Messiah (that) we have been waiting for . . .” “Are you really the Messiah (for whom) we have been waiting . . .”

16. Definition
Clauses – collection of words that contain both a subject and a verb
May or may not be a complete thought
Incomplete thought is called a dependent clause
Complete thought is called an independent clause
“The lame will leap like a deer, and those who cannot speak will shout and sing!”
How do we use dependent clauses?
Nouns - “Go back to John and tell him about what you have heard and seen –
Adjectives - God blesses those who are not offended by me.
Adverbs - And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf.

17. Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a (dependent) adjective clause (also called a relative clause)
That is, it starts a clause that describes a noun
Examples (which ones are relative pronouns?):
“Go back to John and tell him about what you have heard and seen – …
God blesses those who are not offended by me.
And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf.
Note: only “who”, in the second example is a relative pronoun

18. Relative Pronouns In English, there are 5 relative pronouns:
Who
Whom
Whose
Which
That
The choice of which relative pronoun to use is determined by:
Whether it refers to a person or a thing
The role the relative pronoun plays in its clause
Is it the subject of the clause? (subjective case)
Is it an object in the clause? (objective case)
Does it show possession? (possessive case)

19. Relative Pronouns
The choice of relative pronoun is determined by whether it refers to a person or a thing
Who (subject) and whom (object) refer to people.
Ex: The boy who rang the bell is my son.
Ex: The boy whom you met is my nephew.
Whose is for possession and can refer to people or things
Ex: The boy whose bike was stolen was my brother.
Ex: France, whose capital is Paris, is an interesting country.
Which refers to things.
Ex: The candle which melted was pretty cheap
Ex: The candle which you made looks very nice.)
That can refer to people or things but only in defining clauses.
Ex: The man that ran the marathon was very tired.
Ex: The dog that everyone fears is a pit bull.

20. When to Use Each Pronoun
People or Things
Subjective Case
Objective Case
Possessive Case
People
who (The boy who rang the bell is my son.)
whom (The boy whom you met is my nephew.)
whose (The boy whose bike was stolen was my brother)
Things
which (The candle which melted was pretty cheap.)
which (The candle which you made looks very nice.)
whose (The candle whose wick had snapped was not cheap.)
that (The man that ran the marathon was very tired.)
that (optional) (The dog that everyone fears is a pit bull.)
whose (The dog whose bark sounds like a cat is my neighbors.)

21. Relative Pronouns
“That” in the objective case can be omitted; either of the following is acceptable:
The dog that everyone fears is a pit bull.
The dog everyone fears is a pit bull.
But not in the subjective case:
Makes sense: The man that ran the marathon was very tired.
Does not make sense: The man .. ran the marathon was very tired.

22. Matthew 11: 2-6
John the Baptist, who was now in prison, heard about all the things the Messiah was doing. So he sent his disciples to ask Jesus “Are you really the Messiah (that) we’ve been waiting for, or should we keep looking for someone else?” Jesus told them, “Go back to John and tell him about what you have heard and seen – the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cured, the deaf hear, and the dead are raised to life, and the Good News is being preached to the poor. And tell him: ‘God blesses those who are not offended by me.’”
who was now in prison – non-defining adjective clause; telling us more about John the Baptist.
(that) we’ve been waiting for – defining adjective clause; will discuss further next week.
what you have heard and seen – noun clause that acts as the direct object of the verb “tell about”.
Note: “tell about” is what is called a collocation – a combination of words commonly used together. It basically
means to give someone information, in some detail, about a situation or event
who are not offended by me – defining adjective clause, identifying the “those” whom God blesses.
John the Baptist was a prophet sent by God who was to prepare the nation for the arrival of God’s long-promised Savior (or Messiah). John was in prison because the king was not pleased with John’s rebuke for stealing his brothers wife.
This passage refers back to the promise God had given through the prophet Isaiah (chapter 35:3-6), which says “’Be strong and do not fear, for your God is coming to destroy your enemies. He is coming to save you.’ And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf. The lame will leap like a deer, and those who cannot speak will shout and sing! …”
Here Jesus is telling John’s followers that He, Jesus, is the One who has come to destroy our enemies and to save us. Our true enemies are disease, deformities, death, and spiritual separation from God. Jesus’ miracles are intended to demonstrate the beginning of the destruction of these enemies.

23. Matthew 11: 2-6
“Are you really the Messiah (that) we have (we’ve) been waiting for, or should we keep looking for someone else?” “Are you really the Messiah we have been waiting for, or should we keep looking for someone else?” “Are you really the Messiah (whom ) we have been waiting for, . . .” “Are you really the Messiah (for whom) we have been waiting, . . .”