1. Smarter Organizations for People with Disabilities
Chieko Asakawa
IBM Fellow
IBM Research - Tokyo
Smarter Organizations for People with Disabilities 1

2. 774 million non-literate adults in the world
Workforce Diversity
650 million
people with disabilities in the world
774 million non-literate adults in the world
このページはデータとグラフで構成
世界人口の10％は障害者
これを活用しないということはありえない
これに高齢者や非識字者も加えれば「hidden workforce」のパイは非常に大きい
506 million elderly population in the world
July 20, 2009 2

3. Special Technologies are Becoming General
Telephone
Keyboard
OCR
Voice Recognition
July 20, 2009 3

4. IBM History of Accessibility
1960s　Talking Typewriter
1975　1403 Braille Printer
1984　Talking 3270 Terminal
1988　ScreenReader/DOS
1990　VoiceType™
1960s
Talking Typewriter
1984
Talking 3270 Terminal
1994　Screen Magnifier™/2
1997　Home Page Reader
1998　ViaVoice®
2000　Accessibility Center
2004　aDesigner
2007　aiBrowser for Multimedia
2007　Eclipse Accessibility Tools Framework
1999
Home Page Reader
Japanese, Italian, French, German, Spanish, US English, UK English
2008　Social Accessibility
2009　ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Application)
July 20, 2009 4

5. Mail File sharing Chats Wiki E-Learning Profile
Online Workplaces are Crossing the Chasm
Mail
File sharing
Chats
Wiki
E-Learning
Profile
July 20, 2009 5

6. Emerging Real-time Workplace
Striving for productivity and high performance
leads toward “real-time workplace”
More speed!
Real-time collaboration
Chats
Interactive E-meeting
Micro-blogging
Twitter
Interactive e-learning
Shared tele-pointers, whiteboards, etc.
Real-time information
Business analytics and real-time dashboard
Next generation realtime platform
Lotus Sametime
Google Wave
Microsoft Sharepoint
Chats (beachhead!)
Wikis
Blogs
E-learning
Portals
July 20, 2009 6

7. Opportunities Digitalized Knowledge Expansion of digitalized knowledge
Social computing aims at digitalizing implicit knowledge
Real-time collaboration tools yields text, audio, and video.
Digitalized knowledge is potentially accessible
Chat histories
Micro-blogging streams
Digitalized Knowledge
Screen sharing videos
Drawings on digital-whiteboard
Discussions
Annotations
Voice recordings
July 20, 2009 7

8. Workshop Experience
Internal workshop for technologies for workplace accessibility held by IBM Academy of Technology
September, 2005
Attendees
US, UK, Japan, China, India
Hearing impaired and visually impaired
Remote participants
Real-time captioning service for hearing impaired
Benefits for non-native participants
Presenters tried to describe the slides
Benefits for remote participants
July 20, 2009 8

9. Challenges - Flood of Real-time Information
Real-time information exploits full bandwidth of human cognitive ability
Voice channel
Screen sharing
E-meetings
Presenter video
Model Human Processor- p26 of The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Side-track chats
Participants list
Related resources
July 20, 2009 9

10. Accessibility and Interface Adaptation
Diverse users
Interfaces for the blind
Interfaces for senior citizens
Adaptive Interface
Content, documents, and applications
Interfaces for deaf and hard of hearing
Standard interface
Interfaces for phone access
Interfaces for mobile devices
July 20, 2009 10

11. Three Focus Internet Media Accessibility Platform
E-meeting Accessibility
Social Accessibility
July 20, 2009 11

12. Internet Media Accessibility Platform Project
Goal
Create an open source platform for audio descriptions and captions
Authoring tools and players
Captions and “text-based” audio descriptions
Based on
Eclipse.org Accessibility Tools Framework (ACTF)
Contribute to standardization of Internet media accessibility
Supported by a Japanese government agency
NICT: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
July 20, 2009 12

13. E-meeting Accessibility Activities
Cross-divisional virtual team was formed to discuss ideal e- meeting environment.
Software Group, Research, CIO, etc.
Created an agenda toward more inclusive e-meeting environment
Lotus Sametime
LotusLive Meeting
July 20, 2009 13

14. Social Accessibility Social Accessibility Service
New methodology to make webpages on the Internet more accessible
by gathering users’ voices and by using the power of the open community.
Social computing + accessibility
Any Web user can improve accessibility of any webpage on the Internet without changing the original content.
Any visually impaired user can join the improvement process through various collaboration mechanisms.
2) Respond by using authoring tools.
1) Encounter a problem
in Web content.
Social
Accessibility
Service
Report
Notification
Visually
impaired users
Sighted
volunteers
Accessibility
metadata
Accessibility
metadata
Generate
“Yes we can”
Load
Submit
alttext =
“Yes we can”
3) Access the improved page! 14 14

15. to work smarter. Social Accessibility for Workplace Accessibility
Agile – can improve a web application immediately
Adaptive – can answer employees’ voices on demand
Affordable – less workload and lower cost
Dynamic adaptation of the Web infrastructure
　to cooperatively utilize people’s intelligence and creativity,
and enable us
to work smarter. 15

16. How can organizations incorporate these technologies?
July 20, 2009 16