1. The 100% Inspiration Tour

2. Exploring the .NET Framework with C#
David Chalmers Academic Team, Microsoft UK

3. Topics Exploring the .NET Framework SDK
What actually is .NET?
Understanding key Framework concepts
Delving into the Common Language Runtime
Introducing the C# programming language

4. What is .NET?
Software for connecting people, information, systems and devices?
Runtime for executing code
Tools to help develop applications
Server products to manage applications
Value-added services
Managed environment for developing and executing components

5. .NET Framework SDK A platform for building Standards based
XML Web services
Windows Applications
Web Applications
Mobile Device Applications
Standards based
Enhances developer productivity
Simplifies application development
Makes delivery of complex applications possible

6. Creating Our First .NET Application

7. A Modest Application! Module Module1 Sub Main() 10:
Console.WriteLine(“I rock”)
20:
GoTo 10
End Sub
End Module

8. Introducing C# Less typing! Object Orientation
Better control structures
Combines best features of
C/C++
Java
Visual Basic

9. Languages with {}; using System; public class HelloWorld {
static void Main(string[] args)
Console.WriteLine(s); }

10. A Improved ‘Hello, World’
using System;
public class HelloWorld {
static void Main(string[] args)
string[] strArray = {“I rock”, “You rock”, “We all rock”};
foreach(string s in strArray)
Console.WriteLine(s); }

11. C# Program Structure using System; namespace System.Collections {
public class Stack
Entry top;
public void Push(object data) {
top = new Entry(top, data); }
public object Pop() {
if (top == null) throw new InvalidOperationException();
object result = top.data;
top = top.next;
return result;

12. Properties Properties are “smart fields”
Natural syntax, accessors, inlining
public class Button: Control {
private string caption;
public string Caption {
get {
return caption; }
set {
caption = value;
Repaint();
Button b = new Button();
b.Caption = "OK";
String s = b.Caption;

13. Attributes public class OrderProcessor { [WebMethod]
public void SubmitOrder(PurchaseOrder order) {...} }
[XmlRoot("Order", Namespace="urn:acme.b2b-schema.v1")]
public class PurchaseOrder
[XmlElement("shipTo")] public Address ShipTo;
[XmlElement("billTo")] public Address BillTo;
[XmlElement("comment")] public string Comment;
[XmlElement("items")] public Item[] Items;
[XmlAttribute("date")] public DateTime OrderDate;
public class Address {...}
public class Item {...}

14. Indexers Indexers are “smart arrays” Can be overloaded
public class ListBox: Control {
private string[] items;
public string this[int index] {
get {
return items[index]; }
set { items[index] = value;
Repaint();
ListBox listBox = new ListBox();
listBox[0] = "hello";
Console.WriteLine(listBox[0]);

15. foreach Statement Iteration of arrays
Iteration of user-defined collections
public static void Main(string[] args) {
foreach (string s in args) Console.WriteLine(s); }
foreach (Customer c in customers.OrderBy("name")) {
if (c.Orders.Count != 0) {
... }

16. C# – The Big Ideas Everything is an Object
Traditional views
C++, Java: Primitive types are ‘magic’ and do not interoperate with objects
Smalltalk, Lisp: Primitive types are objects, but at great performance cost
C# unifies with no performance cost
Deep simplicity throughout system
Improved extensibility and reusability
New primitive types: Decimal, SQL…
Collections, etc., work for all types

17. C# – The Big Ideas Building Robust Code
Garbage collection
No memory leaks and stray pointers
Exceptions
Error handling is not an afterthought
Type-safety
No uninitialised variables, unsafe casts
Versioning
Pervasive versioning considerations in all aspects of language design

18. Advanced Coding Capabilities
class FileStream: Stream {
int handle;
public unsafe int Read(byte[] buffer, int index, int count) {
int n = 0;
fixed (byte* p = buffer) {
ReadFile(handle, p + index, count, &n, null); }
return n;
[dllimport("kernel32", SetLastError=true)]
static extern unsafe bool ReadFile(int hFile,
void* lpBuffer, int nBytesToRead,
int* nBytesRead, Overlapped* lpOverlapped);

19. Objects and Types
Need a way of grouping code with the data it operates on
Classes
Primitive types
Operations on those types
Ensuring interoperability
Common Type System
The Common Language Specification (CLS)

20. Libraries and the CLS
Classes for objects that are generally useful or support specific application types are built into libraries
Most of the base-class libraries are CLS compliant
Can be called by any component you create in a CLS-compliant programming language

21. Don’t Start from Scratch!
Lots of good content out there to learn from
Quick Start Tutorials
samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart
ASP.NET Starter Kits
Sample Applications
IBuySpy
Pet Store
Many more …

22. Delving into Source Code

23. What’s Under the Hood? Assemblies Execution Managed Execution IL
Metadata
Execution
Class Loader
Security Verification
Managed Execution
Just In Time Compilation
Garbage Collection

24. Common Language Specification Common Language Runtime
The .NET Framework VB
C++ C#
JScript …
Visual Studio.NET
Common Language Specification
ASP.NET
Windows Forms
Data and XML
Base Class Library
Web Matrix
Common Language Runtime
Windows
COM+ Services

25. Common Language Runtime
Base Class Library Support
Thread Support
COM Marshaler
Type Checker
Exception Manager
Security Engine
Debug Engine
IL to Native
Compilers
Code
Manager
Garbage
Collector
Class Loader

26. Compilation and Execution Model
Source Code
Language Compiler
Assembly
Code (IL)
Metadata
Execution
JIT Compiler
Native
Code
At installation or the first time each method is called

27. Summary Flexible platform for sharing code and data across
languages
Processes
Machines
Sites or domains
Execution Environment
Powerful language support
Great tools and utilities for developers

28. Further Resources .NET Framework SDK Further Reading
msdn.microsoft.com/netframework
msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio
Further Reading
Applied .NET Framework Programming. Richter, J. (2002); Microsoft Press
Inspiration Tour Site

29. © 2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS SUMMARY.