1. Arrest and Detention

2. Once physical evidence has been collected, they then begin questioning suspects
Depending on the amount of evidence the police will arrest before or after questioning.
The whole procedure for dealing with suspects has been laid out in the Criminal Code, adheres to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

3. Questioning the Accused
The police can not force a suspect to answer their questions
The police must give a suspect a chance to make a free and meaningful choice as to speak or remain silent
You have the right to retain and instruct legal counsel without delay. You have the right to telephone any lawyer that you wish. You also have the right to free legal advice from a legal aid lawyer. If you are charged with an offence, you can contact the Legal Aid Plan for legal assistance. Do you understand? Do you wish to telephone a lawyer now?

4. Interrogation Techniques
To reach their goal of reaching the truth the police will use a four step approach. They will ask the suspect to describe;
The entire incident
The period before the offence took place
The details of the actual offence
The period following the offence
The question will work from a general nature to a specific.

5. Arrest and Detention Procedures
Arrest: legally depriving someone of liberty by seizing or touching the person to indicate that he or she is in custody
A lawful arrest must follow these steps;
Identify himself or herself as a police officer
Advise the accused that he or she is under arrest
Inform the accused promptly of the charge and show the arrest warrant if one has been obtained
Touch the accused to indicate that he or she is in leagal custody

6. Detention
Detention: legally depriving a person of liberty for the purpose of asking questions, with our without physical restraint
In detention:
The person is deprived of liberty, with or without restraint
The person must be informed of the reasons for the detention
The person’s right to retain counsel must be made known

7. Apprehending an Offender
Reasonable grounds: information that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that the suspect had committed a criminal offence.
Not just anyone can be arrested there must be reasonable grounds for the arrest.
Three methods of apprehending are:
An appearance notice is issued
An arrest with a warrant
An arrest without a warrant

8. Arrest with a Warrant
Appearance notice: a legal document, usually issued for less serious offences, compelling an accused person to appear in court
Bench warrant: an arrest warrant issued directly by the judge when an accused person fails to appear in court

9. Summons: a legal document issued for an indictable offence, ordering an accused person to appear in court.
Delivered by a sheriff or deputy
Accused is directed to go to the police station for finger printing.
Information: a statement given under oath, informing the court of the details of the offence
Arrest warrant: a written court order, directing the arrest of the suspect

10. Arrest without a Warrant
There are three ways to be arrested without a warrant:
There is reasonable grounds to suspect a person has either committed and indictable offence or is about to commit one.
They find a person in the act of committing a criminal offence.
They find a person who they believe is named on an arrest warrant
Peace officer: a person responsible for preserving the public peace, such as a police officer, a mayor, or customs officer

11. Citizen’s Arrest
Citizen’s arrest: an arrest without a warrant by any person other that a peace officer
A citizen’s arrest can be made:
1. Anyone may arrest with a warrant
A person whom they find committing an indictable offence; or
Has committed a criminal offence, and
Is escaping from and freshly pursed by persons who have lawful authority to arrest that person
2. Anyone who is
The owner or person in lawful possession of property, or
A person authorized by the owner or by a person in lawful possession of property my arrest without warrant a person whom he finds committing a criminal offence on or in relation to that property.

12. Searches Searching a person:
The arrest must be lawful
The search must be connected to the lawful arrest
The manner in which the search is carried out must be reasonable
Search Warrants: a court document that gives the police the right to search a specific location

13. After the Arrest Pre-Trial Release Taking of photographs Fingerprints
Promise to appear: a signed agreement that an accused person will appear in court at the time of the trial.
Recognizance: a guarantee that the accused will appear in court when required, under penalty of a fine of up to $500
Surety: a person who agrees to make a payment if the accused does not appear at trial

14. Bail: the temporary release of an accused who posts money or some other security
Show-cause hearing: a judicial hearing in which the Crown or the accused has to convince the judge either to detain or release the accused before trial
Habeas Corpus: is an avenue in which an accused can use to appeal to a higher court if they have been illegally detained.