1. Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive horticulture value chain development
Linda Mayoux
Independent Consultant,
GAMEChange Network
November 2016

2. What is PALS? Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability
SOCIAL JUSTICE VISION
A world where women and men of all ages realise their full potential as economic, social and political actors, free from all forms of discrimination, for development
of themselves, their families,
their communities and global humankind
What is PALS?
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability
Community-led
individual and collective planning methodology
which aims to give women and youth as well as men more control over their lives and catalyse and support a
sustainable movement for social progress.
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

3. Evolution of PALS Origins and inspiration: 1998 - 2003
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation: PLA, Appreciative Enquiry, Most Significant Changes (DFID)
Group empowerment methodology for microfinance: REFLECT, Pictorial diaries, small business training (Action Aid, ILS, DFID)
2003 – 2007
Participatory review and gender planning ANANDI and KRC
Small business training in Uganda and India (Trickle Up)
Gender training for Microfinance Pakistan, India, Sudan and Latin America (ICCO, CARE, UNIFEM, ILO, MicroCredit Summit, USAID, Aga Khan Foundation, Hivos, Oxfam Novib and SNV)
Gender Mainstreaming in VCD Kenya and Ethiopia (ILO)
Local Economic Development in Burkina Faso, Benin and Mali (SDC)
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

4. GALSatScale
Gender and Generational Action Learning for Sustainability at Scale (2007 – ongoing)
Bukonzo Joint Cooperative Union and Green Home
Oxfam Novib/IFAD WEMAN, GENVAD
IFAD Sierra Leone and Kyrgyzstan
TWIN UK Uganda, DRC, Malawi and Latin America
Gender mainstreaming in cocoa sector with FLA, Nestle
Happy Family Happy Coffee: Hivos and Ecom Trading Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Indonesia
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

5. Current adaptations GALSatScale (gender and youth empowerment)
Happy Family Happy Coffee (or happy cocoa/happy veg)
Livelihood and business strengthening/Value Chain Development
Financial Action Learning System (FALS)
Leadership
Counselling, conflict resolution, combatting violence
Organisational strategic planning (coops, local government etc)
Advocacy research (linkage with universities and research institutes)
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016
Basic GALS Tools for value chain development
Linda Mayoux, Paineto Baluku, Janet Biira for WEMAN, Oxfam Novib

6. Generic PALS Tools
Used at all levels, generally with symbol drawing, to increase clarity of thinking and communication
Road Journey – underlying strategic planning framework with SWOT analysis
Trees – concept mapping
Circle maps – relationship mapping
Diamonds – analysing priorities for change and impact assessment
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016
Basic GALS Tools for value chain development
Linda Mayoux, Paineto Baluku, Janet Biira for WEMAN, Oxfam Novib

7. Focus on the positive: visioning, strengths, opportunities, win-win to build support for tackling challenges and conflicts
Action from Day 1: SMART activities and targets tracked over time from the very first session
Inclusion : everyone is equal and deserving equal respect. Everyone can be a leader of change
Social justice is non-negotiable : including gender and generational justice
Sustainability : ownership, pyramid peer upscaling and integration
PALS Principles
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

8. Distinctive features Start with individual visions and self-interest
Identify the ‘change spark’ and fan it –change and rights frameworks (eg CEDAW) later
Action from Day 1 tracked, quantified and discussed
Sustainability planned from Day 1 – no free lunch and self-reliance
Pyramid peer sharing plan ….
Community-led action and advocacy research
Multi-stakeholder – private sector, government, researchers
ALL TOOLS AND SKILLS HAVE WIDER APPLICABILITY
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

9. ‘Facipulation of Chaos’
Opening up
Individual reflection first
Pairwise Discussion
Systematic democratic participation process
Listening leadership
‘Facipulation of chaos’
Respect for all and inclusion ‘from the back’
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

10. Gender and Youth Empowerment
For women and youth themselves – human rights for the majority population
For families – more efficient livelihoods and well-being of children, men and older people
For traders and companies – increased efficiency and profits higher up the value chain – local to global
For local, national and global economies – increased growth, food security and poverty reduction, taxable resources, democracy
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

11. Gender Framework
Promotion of women’s human rights as stated in UN CEDAW to enable both women and men to move forward in a just society
Right 1: Freedom from Violence
Right 2: Gender Equality in Decision-making
Right 3: Equal property rights
Right 4: Freedom of thought, movement and association
Right 5: Equal rights to work and leisure
Gender justice for men to enable them to challenge and change gender stereotypes and constraints preventing men and women from achieving their full human potential.
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016

12. WHAT IS WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT?
Aga Khan Foundation: Women’s Empowerment through Sustainable Micro-finance Training Notes
2005
Women and youth are intelligent actors, not victims
Redefine ‘culture’ in terms of underlying values of respect, inclusion and equity
GENDER TRANSFORMATION
POWER WITH
Women Power within: confidence aspirations
Women: Power to skills resources
Men
Power to Power within
ALL POWER OVER = BAD
There are many misconceptions about women’s empowerment and gender transformation.
In the current situation all the statistics on income levels, mortality rates, education and health show that men have most of the power and resources in the world and enjoy much better conditions of life. Women are disadvantaged, often suffering sexual violence. The diamonds from women in Kashf in Pakistan show that this even leads to suicide and murder.
Many men (and some women) see women’s empowerment as the opposite of this. A situation where men will become small and weak, and suffer violence from women. This is a misconception. ALL power over is bad.
Women’s empowerment means transforming all power relations through giving both women and men the skills, resources and confidence to change gender inequality (power to and power within) so that together they have power with to work together in the interests of themselves, each other and also children, elderly people and others in their communities and wider society.
Strategies for women and men must be part of a wider strategy for gender mainstreaming.
Men are potential partners in change towards a just society
STRATEGIES FOR WOMEN to change gender inequality
STRATEGIES FOR MEN to change gender inequality
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016
Written by Linda Mayoux

13. Change is fun! Drawing and emphasis on the visual
Songs and dances : promoting a vision, questioning culture and teaching tools
Interactive theatre and role play: visioning and most significant changes
Participatory photography and video
Technology – social networking and democratising the web
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016
Basic GALS Tools for value chain development
Linda Mayoux, Paineto Baluku, Janet Biira for WEMAN, Oxfam Novib

14. INTERLINKED EMPOWERMENT STRATEGIES
Strategy 2:
Mainstreaming for innovation and institutional change
Strategy 3:
Global Social Justice
Advocacy Movement
INTERLINKED EMPOWERMENT STRATEGIES
Strategy 1:
Empowerment through Community-led Participatory Action Learning
1. MF
reaches millions of people worldwide
Contribution to women’s ability to earn income – MF great potential
question and significantly change men's attitudes and behaviours
Gender equality and women’s empowerment essential/integral for pro-poor development and civil society strengthening.
Still discrimination in access apart from group-based small savings and credit
empowerment not automatic consequence (- women’s needs and interests?)
Need to link to broader econ dev’t agenda, bds, vcd etc (overindebtedness)
2. BDS
women’s participation far below that of men
marginalised in technical and higher level business training
Funding shrinking in favour of ‘entrepreneurial poor’.
3. VCD
low decision making power
Invisible / unpaid labour
Disconnecting household/gender situation from development work in a specific chain
Existing manuals not gender
Fair Trade: recent evaluation Banana & coffee indicates no progress for women + sometimes adverse effect on women’s empowerment
Women seriously underrepresented in support services.
Male domination in producer organisations
4. Economic policy and planning
Poor women’s participation in economic planning at local and national levels very limited
women special case, rather than an equal half of the population whose needs are to be addressed
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016 14

15. Each process is unique Purpose and issue
Context: levels of education, power relations, cultural sensitivities, cultural forms
Social capital and networks available
Role, capacities and relationships of implementing organisation
Funding levels, availability and conditions
Available resource organisations and champions
TIME at each stage
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016
Basic GALS Tools for value chain development
Linda Mayoux, Paineto Baluku, Janet Biira for WEMAN, Oxfam Novib

16. Web resources
GamechangeNetwork (Gender Action Mainstreaming for Empowerment to Change) websites:
(blog)
GALSatScale websites and social networking:
(GALSatScale Methodology)
PALSNetwork (original Flash-based website 2005 to be updated 2017)
Participatory Action Learning for Sustainability for inclusive Horticulture Value Chain development Linda Mayoux November 2016
Basic GALS Tools for value chain development
Linda Mayoux, Paineto Baluku, Janet Biira for WEMAN, Oxfam Novib