1. The Civil War
Chapter 15 (Part III)

2. Daily Life During the War

3. Emancipation Proclamation
Northerner’s opinions about abolishing slavery varied
Laborers opposed it
Were afraid that they would lose their jobs to freed slaves that would work for lower wages

4. Abolitionists believed the war would be useless if slaves weren’t freed
Would still keep the nation divided

5. Republicans feared voters would get upset
Would lose the 1862 midterm elections
Lincoln worried that he would lose support for the war

6. Finally in 1862 Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation – the order to free Confederate slaves

7. African Americans Participate in the War
As casualties rose African Americans were allowed to join the military
Contrabands – or escaped slaves were also allowed to join
The 54th Massachusetts Infantry was the most famous African American regiment
(Glory)

8. 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army
They received $10/month while whites received $13/month
Confederates usually killed African American captives, or sold them into slavery

9. Growing Opposition
In 1863 Congress approved a draft – a forced military service
If you could pay $300 you could buy your way out of military service
That was a year’s wages for most people

10. Difficult Lives of Soldiers
Armies fought in rows facing each other, firing directly at each other, then attached bayonets and charged at each other

11. Doctors didn’t have medicine to stop infections so some people died from minor wounds
Others had to have arms and legs amputated without painkillers

12. The largest cause of death was disease
Typhoid, tuberculosis and pneumonia
Twice as many people died from diseases as they did fighting

13. Soldiers that were captured were packed into prison camps that were meant to hold very little soldiers
There was little shelter, food or clothing
Starvation and disease killed thousands of prisoners

14. Clara Barton was a nurse during the war who is credited with starting the Red Cross

15. The Tide of War Turns

16. Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg – key battle that turned the tide against the Confederation

17. First Day
General Lee positioned his troops outside the Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg, not knowing that Union soldiers were camped closer to the town
One of the Confederate raiding parties ran into the Union Calvary
This was the start of the Battle of Gettysburg

18. As Confederate troops pushed back Union troops, Union troops took defensive positions on top of two hills
Cemetery Ridge and Culp’s Hill

19. Confederate troops camped at a parallel ridge called Seminary Ridge
Both sides gathered reinforcements for battle the next day

20. Second Day General Lee attacked the left side of the Union line
He felt he could win the battle if he captured Little Round Top
However the Union held off the Confederates and remained in control of Little Round Top

21. Third Day General Lee planned to blitz the center of the Union lines
General George Pickett led “Pickett’s Charge” of 15,000 men
It failed as fewer than half of his soldiers reached the top of Cemetery Ridge

22. Fourth Day
General Lee began planning his retreat back to Virginia

23. Aftermath Victory – Union
Importance – Turning point as Confederate troops would no longer launch another attack in the north
Famous Generals – Robert E. Lee, George Pickett

24. The South’s attempt at Cotton Diplomacy failed
France and Great Britain refused to provide aid to the Confederates

25. The Gettysburg Address
At the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery, Lincoln gave a short but moving speech which remains one of the most important speeches in American history
It was dedicated to the bravery of the Union soldiers

26. Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy

27. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman carried out the Union plan to destroy southern railroads and industries
He marched 100,000 soldiers through the mountains to Georgia
He avoided Confederate defenses and held Atlanta under siege
Most of Atlanta was destroyed by fire and artillery and residents were ordered to leave the city

28. Sherman’s next campaign was his March to the Sea to capture Savannah
During his march he practiced total war
Total War – destroying not only military resources, but economic and civilian resources as well

29. Troops destroyed railways, bridges, crops and livestock
They also burned plantations and freed slaves
Sherman reached Savannah leaving a path of destruction and hatred of the North that, to some degree, still exists today

30. The South Surrenders
On April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant in the town of Appomattox Courthouse
Grant let Lee keep his sword and promised his men would be fed, they could keep their horse and wouldn’t be tried for treason

31. Effects of the War 620,000 Americans lost their lives
The defeat of the South ended slavery
Former slaves had no homes or jobs
The southern economy was destroyed
Hostility towards the North still remained