1. Entrepreneurship and Management
3.2. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: SUPPORT FOR BUSINESS

2. Areas of Support Support to market mechanisms
support for competition
protection of property and contractual rights
elimination of barriers for business activity
Support to competitiveness
support to innovations
support to SME

3. Support to Competition
Demonopolization
splitting monopolies
demonopolization of markets
support for new entrants
prevention of creation of monopolies
Control of natural monopolies
price setting control
control of abusive contract provisions
prevention of segmentation of markets

4. Protection of Property and Contractual Rights
Prevention
property rights
transparency of ownership structures and transactions
abuse prevention
contracts
regulations
lists of abusive clauses etc.
Enforcement
state court system
general courts
commercial courts
arbitral system

5. Barriers for Business Activity
General characteristics of the country
geographic position
economic situation
demographic situation
social dysfunctions
natural resources etc.
The state economic policy
laws and other regulations
enforcement quality
quality of state administration

7. Innovation
Joseph Schumpeter’s definition - at least one of the following:
the introduction of a new good or of a new quality of a good
the introduction of an improved or better method of production
the opening of a new market
the conquest of a new source of supply of raw materials or half-manufactured goods
the carrying out of the better organization

8. Small and Medium Enterprises
EU definition: The category of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is made up of enterprises which employ fewer than 250 persons and which have an annual turnover not exceeding 50 million euro, and/or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding 43 million euro.

9. Business Environment Institutions
Central and local government agencies
Innovation and business centers
tasks
knowledge and skill transfer
transfer and commercialization of new technologies
financial assistance
advisory, technical and locational support
support for networks
examples of centers in Poland
training and consulting institutions
technology transfer centers
technological parks
business incubators 
technological
academic
loan funds and credit guarantee funds
industrial parks

10. Networks Advantages synergy effect reduction of uncertainty
increased flexibility
rationalization of production capacity utilization
increased ability to access to scarce resources and skills
speed of operation
improved acquisition of information
positive externalities

11. Business Clusters
Definition: A network of connected businesses, suppliers, and associates in a specific field that are all located in the same geographical area. Clusters are thought to provide increased efficiency and productivity so businesses can be competitive on a national and global scale. (Business Dictionary)
Features:
geographic concentration (not all networks are)
high degree of integration with the institutional and organizational environment of business:
interrelated companies
specialized suppliers (including service providers)
companies from other related sectors and industries
business environment institutions
high-tech clusters often gather round prestigious universities
local authorities

12. Silicon Valley,
USA
Aviation Valley,
Poland