1. REPORTED SPEECH

2. REPORTED STATEMENTS
We use reported speech to report what someone said earlier. After a past tense reporting verb (e.g. said, told), the original verb forms usually move tense into the past, and the pronouns and possessive adjectives change: e.g. “I LIKE PIZZA”, Tim said Tim said (that) he liked pizza

3. TO SAY and TO TELL are the most common reporting verbs for statements
TO SAY and TO TELL are the most common reporting verbs for statements. Notice how they are used: e.g. HE SAID (TO ME) (THAT) HE WAS TIRED. e.g HE TOLD ME (THAT) HE WAS TIRED.

4. PRACTICE: Report the statements
“I’ve got an awful headache”.
Kim said that she had an awful headache.
“I haven’t been feeling well all day”. She
“I’ve found some great trainers.”
Tom
“I wasn’t looking for them.” He

5. In the transformation of direct speech to indirect, you must change tenses:

6. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
Brenda said: “I walk to school every day”
PAST SIMPLE
Brenda told me she walked to school every day.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
“I’m going to a party tomorrow”
PAST CONTINUOUS
She said she was going to a party the following day.
PAST SIMPLE/ PRESENT PERFECT/ PAST PERFECT
“I haven’t been to Hyde Park yet”
PAST PERFECT
She told me she hadn’t been to Hyde Park yet.
AM/IS/ARE GOING TO
“I’m going to visit the new Tate Gallery next week”.
WAS/WERE GOING TO
She said she was going to visit the new Tate Gallery the following week.
WILL/WOULD
“My teacher will be thirty tomorrow.”
WOULD
She said her teacher would be thirty the following week.
WOULD HAVE
“I would have liked to have you all here with me at Christmas.”
She said she would have liked to have us all there with her at Christmas.

7. In the transition from direct to the indirect speech the following are also trasformed:

8. PERSONAL PRONOUNS I HE/SHE YOU I, WE WE THEY ME HIM/HER YOU ME, US
US THEM

9. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
MY HIS/HER
YOUR MY, OUR
OUR THEIR
MINE HIS/HERS
YOURS MINE, OURS
OURS THEIRS

10. ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
NOW THEN
TODAY THAT DAY
TONIGHT THAT NIGHT
YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE
TOMORROW THE FOLLOWING
LAST SUNDAY THE PREVIOUS SUNDAY
NEXT WEEK THE FOLLOWING WEEK

11. PRACTICE: Complete the reported statements
Diane: “I will go there tomorrow.”
Diane said that she would go there the next day.
Roger: “Paul and I can’t come to the party.”
Roger said that Paul and couldn’t go to the party.
Bill: “ Thanks, Rob. You are a great help!”
Bill thanked me and told me that was a great help.

12. Reported statements with no tense change
If the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g. says), the tense does not change in reported speech:
e.g. “I’ll meet you there”
He says he’ll meet us there

13. If the statement we are reporting is still true in the present, we don’t have to change the tense after a past tense reporting verb.
e.g. “It’s a good restaurant.”
Helen said it’s a good restaurant.

14. But if the reporting verb is in the past tense, we can change the tense:
e.g. “It’s a good restaurant”
Helen said it was a good restaurant.

15. Reported commands and requests
We form reported commands and requests with
VERB + PERSON + TO infinitive
We use ask to report commands:
e.g. “Sit down” She told me to sit down.
For negative requests and commands, we use NOT before the TO + infinitive
e.g. “Please don’t make a noise” He asked us not to make a noise

16. PRACTICE: Report the commands and requests
“Could you get the tickets, please?”
He asked me to get the tickets.
“Can you save a seat for me, please?”
Rachel asked me
“Bring you essays on Monday”
The tutor told us
“Stay at home for the rest of the week.”
The doctor told me

17. REPORTING QUESTIONS SUBJECT + VERB
THE INTERROGATIVE PROPOSITIONS HAVE THE SAME CONSTRUCTION OF INDIRECT AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT + VERB
ATTENTION: DO NOT USE THE AUXILIARIES
DO, DOES, DID
e.g. She asked me if I had liked the present.

18. We can now see two videos that give a further explanation of this structure: