1. Investigating photosynthesis
Aseel Samaro

4. Introduction Photosynthesis happens in all green plants.
In this process the plant uses raw materials in the environment to make glucose.
What factors can affect how fast a plant photosynthesises?
How will these factors affect photosynthesis?

5. Photosynthesis
Green plants all over the world use carbon dioxide and water from the environment to make glucose and then carbohydrates.
Glucose is needed for the plants to grow and increase their biomass. Plants in some habitats grow at a much faster rate than others.
For example, mosses growing in cold tundra habitats grow very slowly, whereas plants in the rainforest grow much more quickly.

6. Will these trees photosynthesise at the same rate?

7. Write the word equation for photosynthesis
Write the word equation for photosynthesis. What factors will affect how much photosynthesis takes place in a plant? Look at Figure 2.2.6a. Will these trees photosynthesise at the same rate? Explain your answer.

8. Write the word equation for photosynthesis
Write the word equation for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen (accept a correct symbol equation) What factors will affect how much photosynthesis takes place in a plant? Amount of carbon dioxide; light; water; the temperature Look at Figure 2.2.6a. Will these trees photosynthesise at the same rate? Explain your answer. The tree in the warmer climate will photosynthesise more; because heat speeds up reactions.

9. Factors affecting photosynthesis
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air will affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants in the reaction – the higher the amount of the reactants, the greater the amount of photosynthesis, as shown in Figure 2.2.6b.
Choloropyhll in the chloroplasts absorbs light energy.
The more choroplasts a leaf has, the more light it can absorb to carry out more photosynthesis.

10. How does the concentration of carbon dioxide affect photosynthesis?

11. A student is carrying out an investigation to see how the amount of light a plant receives affects the rate of photosynthesis.
She uses some pondweed with the apparatus shown in Figure 2.2.6c. She counts how many bubbles of oxygen are given off by the pondweed in one minute, at different distances from a lamp.

12. Apparatus used in an investigation to see the effect of light on photosynthesis

13. Results of the investigation

14. How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
How do we know that plants photosynthesise less in winter than in summer?
How does the amount of light available to a plant affect the rate of photosynthesis?
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Why does the student think that counting bubbles is a good way to measure photosynthesis?
What variables does the student need to control?
What errors might occur in the investigation?

15. How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
How do we know that plants photosynthesise less in winter than in summer?
Plants grow less; it is colder in winter; there is less daylight; the light intensity is weaker.
How does the amount of light available to a plant affect the rate of photosynthesis?
‘The stronger the light, the more photosynthesis’ is sufficient.
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
‘As the temperature increases, photosynthesis increases’ is sufficient.
Why does the student think that counting bubbles is a good way to measure photosynthesis? Oxygen gas is released in the reaction.
What variables does the student need to control? temperature and the amount of carbon dioxide; (the plants are in water so this does not need to be controlled)

16. Interpreting data
A student’s grandfather wants to grow tomatoes as quickly as possible in his greenhouse over the winter.
The student carries out an investigation to find the temperature at which tomatoes photosynthesise the most.

17. Using the investigation results to help you, explain how the rate of photosynthesis changes from dawn to nightfall. What is the best temperature for the student’s grandfather to use in his greenhouse? Explain why.

18. Using the investigation results to help you, explain how the rate of photosynthesis changes from dawn to nightfall. There is no photosynthesis when there is no light. As the Sun rises and the temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases to a maximum when the Sun is highest in the sky. The rate then fall until the Sun sets. What is the best temperature for the student’s grandfather to use in his greenhouse? Explain why. 21/22 °C; photosynthesis is at its fastest

19. Did you know…?
Rainforests produce over 20 per cent of the Earth’s oxygen.
This is why it is so important to look after them and stop the trees being destroyed.

20. Thank you