1. (A) M-mode through the mitral valve in a normally contractile heart
(A) M-mode through the mitral valve in a normally contractile heart. Note the close relationship of the mitral E wave (single arrowhead) with the septal M-mode (double arrowheads). This is called the EPSS (E point septal separation). (B) M-mode recording through the mitral valve in a patient with a dilated cardiomyopathy. Note the significantly abnormal separation between the mitral valve E wave (single arrowhead) and the septal M-mode (double arrowheads). The EPSS is abnormal in this patient. Also note the lack of motion and thickening with systole in the M-mode of the septum and the posterior wall (triple arrowheads). Systole is marked by the vertical solid white line. (C) Two-dimensional imaging in the parasternal long axis in a patient with a previous myocardial infarction. Note the thinned-out septum that is akinetic (arrowhead). The septum bows into the right ventricle with systole. (D) M-mode imaging in the parasternal long-axis view through the aortic root and aortic valve. Note the relatively “flat” motion of the aortic root during the cardiac cycle (single arrowhead) and the “trapezoidal” pattern of aortic valve motion (double arrowheads). See text for more information.
Source: Chapter 14. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathies, Critical Care Ultrasonography
Citation: Levitov A, Mayo PH, Slonim AD. Critical Care Ultrasonography; 2009 Available at: Accessed: October 07, 2017
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