1. Chapter 6: Canada’s Developing Identity: 1896-1911

2. Chapter 6: Canada’s Developing Identity: 1896-1911
We’ve read that many immigrants came to Canada during this time and that there was a diverse group of people right from the beginning. Why do you think that Canadian culture was (even then) tied to English Canadians?
Canada was a fragmented country despite confederation Immigration brought new languages and cultural traditions Many English Canadians felt that the diversity was a threat to the unity of the country J.S Woodsworth (a Protestant minister who eventually became a member of parliament) believed that it was christian duty to help immigrants in Canada He believed part of this duty was to assimilate them into Canadian culture

4. French Rights in Manitoba
Why would a mainly French province adopt English as its official language?
Tensions grew as settlers moved into places where French was the majority Manitoba had been mainly French since the 1800’s By the 1890’s, the French population was less than 15%! The Public Schools Act cancelled protection of French and Catholic education rights These rights had been guaranteed by the British North America Act and Manitoba Act Manitoba’s Official Language Act made English the only official language

5. Public Schools Act 1890
How in the world am I going to fix this language issue?
The language argument divided the country Prime Minister Mackenzie Bowell (conservative party) supported the French Catholic rights in Manitoba and was forced to resign. Sir Wilfred Laurier (Liberal party) won the next election to be the Prime Minster, but the issue widened the gap between English and French and Catholic and Protestants, and his job was to fix it.

6. Laurier-Greenway Compromise
Consequences of the compromise:
Any community with 10 or more students who spoke another language other than English could establish their own school Bilingual teachers would conduct classes using English and the language of the immigrant community
How is that a consequence?

7. Canada’s Developing Identity: 1896-1911
Henri Bourassa:
Member of parliament for Laurier’s federal government Believed that the Laurier-Greenway compromise was a betrayal to French- Catholic rights Left federal politics to become a provincial politician in Quebec
Regulation 17 (1912)- limited French language rights so that children were only instructed in French until grade 2

8. Close connections with Britain
Primitive: relating to the character of an
early stage in the evolutionary
or historical development of something.
Ex: A caveman would be primitive
because they were from an earlier
stage of human progress.
Close connections with Britain
Imperialism: the policy of acquiring and ruling other countries Imperialism was driven by racism and discrimination Many people believed in a superior culture-their culture- and others would benefit from adopting it Some believed non-European cultures would eventually disappear non-European countries were seen as primitive and only the strongest culture would survive.

9. Close connections with Britain
Canada was important to Queen Victoria and she supported confederation. She named Ottawa the capital and named the province of British Columbia Canada is the only country including England that celebrates her birthday as a national holiday

10. SOUTH AFRICAN WAR
Boer: a settler in southern Africa of dutch descent Britain took control of southern Africa from the Dutch in 1815 The Dutch did not want to assimilate and rebelled The Boers moved to northern Africa, but gold was found near their new settlement and many people moved to the area- including the British and this caused tension In 1899, the Boers attacked British forces and the South African War (also known as the Boers War)

11. Canadians called to war
Do you think the government should be able to force you to join the military?
Canadians were divided Many thought going to war would strengthen ties with Britain French-Canadian and recent immigrants believed Canada had no place in the war and wanted no part of it Conscription: the process whereby the government legally and forcibly enrols government in the military

12. SOUTH AFRICAN WAR
More than 7000 Canadians ( Metis, English Canadians, First Nations) served in the war Concentration camps: a guarded compound for the detention or extermination of political prisoners By the end of the war in 1902, more than 60,000 people had died including 270 Canadians Close to Boer women and children died
The Boer women and children were brought to concentration camps to keep them from helping the Boer soldiers The dreadful conditions brought on worldwide criticism of Britain and British imperialists

13. What’s happening in this cartoon?
Dominion: a semi- independent nation under the state or empire
Conciliator: a person who helps parties find peaceful ways to resolve their disputes

14. Your neighbourhood friendly USA
Klondike was an area in present day Yukon Bordered Alaska Gold was discovered there around the time Laurier became president People began travelling from all around the world to find gold ,00-30,00 people travelled Chikook pass Dawson City: became the biggest city west of Winnipeg and was called “ Paris of the North” because newly rich people were there and had money to spend
What might that many travellers do to the physical environment?

15. Impact on First Nations
The increased population put pressure on their food supply It drastically altered their landscape The threat of famine and disease increased The government of Canada did very little to lessen the impact of the gold rush

16. Gold Rush Aftermath
1898- The Yukon was formed as result of the Gold Rush 100,000 people went to the Yukon 70,000 people either gave up and went home, died of disease, the cold, and avalanches Only 4,000 struck gold people left Dawson City Yukon’s population went from 40,000 to 8500 with 3000 of those people living in Dawson City

17. After the gold rush, Laurier wanted to establish clear boundaries between Alaska and the Yukon Britain needed to be involved because Canada was still a dominion of Brtian In the end, Britain sided with America which lead the French Canadians and English Canadians to question ties with Britain The dispute drove a wedge between Canada and the US and Canada and Britain.

18. Laurier and Reciprocity
Laurier proposed a reciprocity treaty so that American goods could be sold in Canada for cheaper (without tariffs) and in return, a limited number of Canada’s products could enter freely into America English Canadians feared it would lead to annexation by the U.S. French nationalists thought it was an opportunity to cut ties with Britain Laurier lost the election to Conservative leader Robert Borden

19. RESOURCES FOR THE ASSIGNMENT:
The first part of Summarize Your Learning asks you to make a coat of arms Many coats of arms have latin mottos: Try this wiki site to find one to suit Canada:
Coat of Arms can be made here: generator.php#.WQabkIjyvIV