1. WarmUp #2 Read the excerpts from Shakespeare & Petrarch on pg. 448.
Answer the corresponding questions, related to the excerpts.
Be prepared to discuss!

2. REVIEW: “The Prince” Discussion
If you are a leader, is it better to be feared or loved?
Why? Give examples!

3. Northern Renaissance

4. Renaissance Society 3 main levels to society arranged marriages
clergy
nobles
townspeople & peasants
arranged marriages
trade spread Italian Renaissance ideas north
Northern Renaissance: centered in large cities

5. Education Johannes Gutenberg: printing press
The Bible (the first book printed…still most printed book ever!)
printing made easier & cheaper
more people could afford books
a yearning to read = more education
purpose of education: to shape people of virtue & wisdom, build physical fitness & to create competent, complete citizens

6. Gutenberg & the Printing Press

7. Northern Renaissance Christian humanism painted on a small scale
the merging of humanistic emphasis with a Christian focus
painted on a small scale
attention to detail used to create realistic pictures (not perspective)
focused on reality of Christianity, not mythology
2 main artists:
Jan Van Eyck (known for tiny details)
Albrecht Durer (merged detail & perspective)

8. Van Eyck

10. Durer

11. Vernacular Literature
vernacular: language of a specific area
writers began to write in vernacular instead of Latin
helped to codify languages
Prominent writers:
Dante: Italian
Chaucer & Shakespeare: English

12. Dante: The Divine Comedy
about soul’s journey to salvation
3 major sections
Hell (Inferno)
Purgatory (Purgatorio)
Heaven (Paridiso)

13. Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales
~pilgrims going to the tomb of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury
~on the way, they tell each other stories to pass the time…

14. Shakespeare

15. Shakespeare possibly the best playwright ever!
themes of humanity
moved away from the morality plays of Middle Ages
best known plays: Hamlet, Romeo & Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, Macbeth, Twelfth Night, Taming of the Shrew, etc.

16. Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art lovelier and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm’d,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d.
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest,
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest.
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this and this gives life to thee.
Shakespearean sonnet:
Rhyme scheme:
~abab cdcd efef gg
~3 quatrains & 1 couplet