1. Respiratory System
Unit 10

2. Respiratory System
A. Collection of hollow organs responsible for the vital exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. Closely associated with the cardiovascular system
**Interesting Fact: The Pulmonary Arteries follow the branches of the trachea and bronchioles!

4. Nose/ Nasal Cartilage Called external nares
Entry point of the respiratory system
Acts as a filter for foreign substances by using cilia (tiny hairs) that trap foreign substances and flood with mucus

5. Pharynx Pronounced “fare-inks”
Divided into three regions (naso-, oro-, and laryngo-)
Located in the back of the throat
Leads to trachea

7. Larynx Pronounced “lar-inks” Commonly known as the voice box
Below epiglottis
Made of thyroid cartilage
Prominent in males (Adam’s Apple)
WHY???

8. -Vocal Cords in Action

9. Trachea Wind-Pipe Made of cartilage in the shape of the letter “C”
Always open
Lined with cilia and
secretes mucus to trap
and expel foreign substances
Causes you to cough!

10. Lungs Consists of 2 lungs Right has 3 lobes and the left has 2 lobes
Lined with surfactant: fluid for gas exchange similar to water
Lined with cilia as well
Primary Bronchi: first branch of trachea
Secondary Bronchi: smaller branches off the primary
Bronchioles: small tubes that lead to alveoli

11. Cilia lining the Bronchial Cells

12. The Bronchial Tree
**This image shows only bronchial tissue (cartilage) and NO cardiovascular component

13. Alveoli
Air sacs in the lungs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with capillaries from the CV system
Very fragile
Made of a thin layer of cells
Look like grapes
Emphysema (COPD) is a disease of the alveoli
Functional unit of the lungs

15. Healthy Alveoli

16. Lung Cancer Cell

17. Capillaries
Alveolar Space
Alveoli

18. Trachea Cartilage/ Adam’s Apple
C-Rings
Trachea
Primary Bronchus
Secondary Bronchi
Bronchioles

19. Act of Breathing
Inhalation (breathing in) occurs when the volume of the chest cavity expands, pressure inside chest drops. Air pressure is higher and air rushes in.
Caused by the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm

20. Diaphragm
The diaphragm is the dome-shaped sheet of muscle and tendon that serves as the main muscle of respiration
Plays a vital role in the breathing process.
Serves as an important anatomical landmark that separates the thorax, or chest, from the abdomen. 

22. Act of Breathing
Exhalation (breathing out) occurs when the muscles relax, decreasing chest volume, increasing pressure and thus squeezing out air

23. Air Volumes and Capacities
Spirometry – measures volumes of air moving in and out of the lungs. 4 distinct respiratory volumes 1. Tidal volume – amount of air that enters the lungs during one cycle (normal breathing in and out) 2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)-The amount of air which can be taken into the lungs, beyond one's tidal volume, using a forced inspiration 3. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) –the maximal volume of air (about 1000 mL) that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal expiration. 4. Residual Volume – air remaining in the lungs even after forceful exhalation 5. IRV+ ERV+ Tidal Volume = Vital Capacity (maximum amount of air a person can exhale)

24. TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
Vital Capacity + Residual Volume = Total Lung Capacity (varies by sex, age, body size)

25. What is asthma?

26. Why do we yawn?

27. Smoking and the Lungs Can you guess which person smoked?
What is “third hand smoke”?

28. COPD

29. Anti Smoking Ads How do you feel if a kid smokes? Terrie’s Story
Do ads like these really make a difference for kids?
Do you think less kids are smoking?
Smoking vs. Vaping

30. What's in a Cigarette? Acetone – found in nail polish remover
Acetic Acid –  an ingredient in hair dye
Ammonia – a common household cleaner
Arsenic – used in rat poison
Benzene – found in rubber cement
Butane – used in lighter fluid
Cadmium – active component in battery acid
Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes
Formaldehyde – embalming fluid
Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid
Lead – used in batteries
Naphthalene – an ingredient in moth balls
Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel
Nicotine – used as insecticide
Tar – material for paving roads
Toluene - used to manufacture paint