1. Latin American Politics and Development (Ninth Edition)
Edited by Harvey F. Kline
Christine J. Wade
Howard J. Wiarda
Property of Westview Press, an imprint of Hachette Book Group.

2. Tables

3. Table 1.1: Indices of Modernization in Latin America
Country
Population in millions
Population growth rate*
GINI index 2013
GDP growth rate*
Inflation (consumer prices)*
Life expectancy
Infant mortality****
Argentina
43.42 1
42.3
0.5
10.6 76 13
Bolivia
10.72
1.5
48.1
5.5
4.1 69 38
Brazil
207.8
0.9
52.9
0.1 9 75 14
Chile
17.94
1.1
50.5
1.9
4.3 82 8
Colombia
48.23
53.5
4.6
5.0 74 16
Costa Rica
4.80
49.2
3.5
0.8 80 10
Cuba
11.39 ..
2.7*** 6
Dominican Republic
10.52
1.2
47.1
7.3 31
Ecuador
16.14
47.3
3.7 4 22
El Salvador
6.12
0.3
43.5 2
-0.7 73 17
Guatemala
16.34
52.4**
4.2
2.4 72 29
Haiti
10.71
1.3
60.8**
2.7
9.0 63
Honduras
8.07
1.4
53.7
3.1
3.2 20
Mexico
127.01
48.1**
2.2 77
Nicaragua
6.08
40.5
4.7
Panama
3.92
1.6
51.7
6.2 78
Paraguay
6.63
48.3 21
Peru
31.37
44.7
3.6
Uruguay
3.43
41.9
8.7
Venezuela
31.10
39** -4
121.7 15
Source: World Bank. World Development Report 2014.
*Annual percentage.
** data.
*** 2013 data.
**** Mortality rate, under five, per one thousand live births.

4. Table 4.1: Contrasting Foundations of Latin American and North American Society
Institutions
Latin America,
United States, Seventeenth Century
Political
Authoritarian, absolutist, centralized, corporatist
More liberal, early steps towards representative and democratic rule
Religious
Catholic orthodoxy and absolutism
Protestant and religious pluralism
Economic
Feudal, mercantilistic, patrimonial
Emerging capitalist, entrepreneurial
Social
Hierarchical, two-class, ridig
More mobile, multi-class
Education and Intellectual
Scholastic, deductive reasoning
Empirical

5. Table 4.2 Presidential Elections and Terms in Latin America
Country
Election
Years
Reelection
Argentina
Second round if no candidate has more than 45 percent of vote 4
One successive term
Bolivia
Congress chooses the president from among the top three candidates if no candidate receives a majority 5
Brazil
Majority; Second round
Chile 6
Unlimited non-consecutive terms
Colombia
No reelection
Costa Rica
Second round if no candidate receives more than 40 percent
Non-consecutive terms
Cuba*
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Plurality
Reelection; details pending
Mexico
Nicaragua
Indefinite re-election
Panama
Two non-consecutive terms
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
One non-consecutive term
Venezuela
Sources: Inter-American Dialogue, “Overview of Latin American Electoral Systems,” Daniel Zovatto, “Latin America: re-election and democracy,” Open Democracy, March 2014.

6. Table 5.1: Export Commodity Concentration Ratios, circa 1913
Primary Product
Percentage
Secondary Product
Total Percentage of Exports
Argentina
Maize
22.5
Wheat
20.7
43.2
Bolivia
Tin
72.3
Silver
4.3
76.6
Brazil
Coffee
62.3
Rubber
15.9
78.2
Chile
Nitrates
71.3
Copper
7.0
78.3
Colombia
37.2
Gold
20.4
57.6
Costa Rica
Bananas
50.9
35.2
86.1
Cuba
Sugar
72.0
Tobacco
19.5
91.5
Dominican Republic
Cacao
39.2
34.8
74.0
Ecuador
64.1
5.4
69.5
El Salvador
79.6
Precious metals
95.5
Guatemala
84.8
5.7
90.5
Haiti
64.0
6.8
70.8
Honduras
50.1
25.9
76.0
Mexico
30.3
10.3
40.6
Nicaragua
64.9
13.8
78.7
Panama
65.0
Coconut
Paraguay
Yerba mate
32.1
15.8
47.9
Peru
22.0
15.4
37.4
Uruguay
Wool
42.0
Meat
24.0
66.0
Venezuela
52.0
21.4
73.4
Source: Adapted from Victor Bulmer-Thomas, The Economic History of Latin America Since Independence. (Cambridge University Press, 1994), 59.

7. Table 5.2: Export Commodity Concentration Ratios and Total Exports, circa 2014
Country
Primary Export
Percentage
Secondary Export
Primary and Secondary Total
Total Exports (US$B)
Argentina
Soybean meal
17.2
Delivery trucks
5.6
22.8
69.0
Bolivia
Petroleum gas
44.8
Gold
10.0
54.8
13.4
Brazil
Iron ore
11.8
Soy beans
10.3
22.1
228.0
Chile
Refined copper
23.3
Copper ore
21.5
77.3
Colombia
Crude petroleum
45.5
Coal
58.9
56.5
Costa Rica
Integrated circuits
36.2
Office machine parts
14.6
50.8
21.3
Dominican Republic
15.7
Medical instruments
11.3
27.0
10.7
Ecuador
49.6
Bananas
61.4
27.4
El Salvador
Knit t- shirts
18.1
Electrical capacitors
5.4
23.5
5.52
Country
Primary Export
Percentage
Secondary Export
Primary and Secondary Total
Total Exports (US$B)
Guatemala
Raw sugar
8.5
Bananas
7.6
16.1
11.7
Haiti
Knit t-shirts
42.4
Knit sweaters
17.6
60.0
1.06
Honduras
11.5
Coffee
10.5
22.0
8.66
Mexico
Crude petroleum
9.2
Cars
8.2
17.5
400.0
Nicaragua
Insulated wire
13.4
8.1
21.5
5.41
Panama
Passenger and cargo ships
12.1
Refined petroleum
12.0
24.1
4.62
Paraguay
Soybeans
29.8
Soybean meal
15.0
43.8
7.71
Peru
Copper ore
17.4
Gold
14.7
32.1
39.8
Uruguay
Frozen bovine meat
11.3
9.8
21.1
Venezuela
76.0
17.3
93.4
63.0
Source: AJG Simoes, CA Hidalgo. “The Economic Complexity Observatory: An Analytical Tool for Understanding the Dynamics of Economic Development.” Workshops at the Twenty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. (2011)

8. Table 7.1 Freedom House Scores for Latin American Countries
Country
First year of competitive regime
Average FH Score,
Costa Rica
1949
11.7
Uruguay
1985
11.2
Chile
1990
10.8
Panama
9.9
Argentina
1983
9.6
Dominican
Republic
1978
9.4
Ecuador
1979
8.9
Brazil
Venezuela
1959
8.5
Bolivia
8.4
El Salvador
1984
8.3
Honduras
1982
8.2
Mexico
1988
7.9
Peru
1980
7.7
Colombia
1958
7.6
Paraguay
7.5
Nicaragua
6.6
Guatemala
1986
Haiti
1991
3.0
Source: Rescaled Freedom House scores, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán and Scott Mainwaring, “Regime Legacies and Levels of Democracy: Evidence from Latin America,” Comparative Politics, Vol. 45, No. 4, July 2013,

9. Table 11.1 Parties Elected to Colombian Congress in 2014 Election
Party
Percentage Chamber
Seats Chamber
Percentage Senate
Seats Senate
Social Party of National Unity
16.05 39
15.58 21
Liberal Party
14.13 37
12.22 17
Conservative Party
13.17 27
13.58 18
Radical Change
7.74 16
6.96 9
Democratic Center
9.47 12
14.29 20
Green Party
3.35 6
3.94 5
Civic Option
3.26
3.68
Alternative Democratic Pole
2.89 3
3.78
Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation
2.87
2.28
For a Better Huila
0.51 1
n/a
Source: Colombian parliamentary election,

10. Table 11.2: The Changes of Status of Women in Colombia, 1910-2010
1910
2010
Percentage working outside of household ND
33.4%
Right to own property no
yes
Right to vote
Number with higher education
none
56% of entering students are women
Average pay for work
Salary went to husbands
Make 25% less than men doing same job
Percentage of public positions held by women
14%
Percentage of women who are heads of household
56.8%
Number of children per woman
7.3
2.4
Source: Semana, no. 1505, March 7-14, 2011, p. 80.