1. Transactional Analysis
Akshay Kumar
Intro. to Psychology

2. We play games of communications with each other
Why do we play them
How we are developed
How are personalities learn

3. It is a theory of personality and a systematic Psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change
Provides a theory of communication
Offers a theory of child development
Is a powerful tool in management and communication training and organizational analysis.

4. How we developed
How we groomed
Why do we play a role of a savior for some
A hero for some
Dependent on some
Aggressive with some

5. Introduction 1961 Eric Berne, Games People Play
 Transactional Analysis is the method for studying interactions between individuals
Dr. Thomas Harris stated in I’m OK – You’re OK, that in Transactional Analysis, “we have found a new language of psychology.”

6. T.A. Includes Theory of Personality Theory of communication
Theory of Child Development
Used as a form of Diagnosis of Psychopathology
Used as Psychotherapy

7. Transaction
Transaction: Basic unit of social interaction Interactional currency

8. Transactions
Transactional response
Transactional Stimulus

9. Transactions Verbal Expressions Acc. To Albert, 1970.
7% communicational matter lies in words
55% in facial expressions
38% Paralinguistic (Way the words are said)

10. Neo Freudian School of Psychology
Psychoanalysis: Problems: Intra-psychic
T.A. : Problems: Inter-Psychic. i.e. Interactions and relationships.

11. Ego States
Parent
Adult
Child

12. Parent Taught component Voice of authority Exteriosite
How your parents treated you
Everything you love from the society
The Do’s and Don’t’s
The rules
Too Judgmental
Too Critical
Too Nurturing

14. Parent
Taken from our parents and significant adults (Care takers): Introjecting
Nurturing (Positive)
Structuring
(Positive)
(Negative)
Critical
Nurturing -Spoiling

15. Child Ego State Archeosite Child like behavior Instincts Dreams
Desires
Childlike Behavior
The basic sad, mad, bad, glad feelings

16. Child Ego State Cooperative (Positive) Adapted Spontaneous Free
(Negative)
Immature
Resistant

17. Adult Neosite Tries to make decisions in objective manner
In ambiguous situations: Tries to predict decisions.

18. We ask for information rather than stay scared and rather than make assumptions.
Taking the best from the past and using it appropriately in the present
integration of the positive aspects of both our Parent and Child ego states.

19. Example
Internal Parent ego state may beat up on the internal Child, saying "You are no good, look at what you did wrong again, you are useless".
The Child may then respond with "I am no good, look how useless I am, I never get anything right".
The adult can intervene

20. Three EGO States and the concept of Life:
Parent is our 'Taught' concept of life
Adult is our 'Thought' concept of life
Child is our 'Felt' concept of life

23. Ego states
Aim of the parent ego state is to mature into an adult ego state.
Ego states are not constant: We play different ego states with different people at different times

24. Diagnosis Behavioral diagnosis: Posture Breathing Speaking style
Eg. Parent: Rigid Posture, summons etc
Adult: Not rigid posture but erect and straight

25. Parent
Physical - angry or impatient body-language and expressions, finger-pointing, patronizing gestures
Verbal - always, never, for once and for all, judgmental words, critical words, patronizing language.

26. Child
Physical - emotionally sad expressions, despair, temper tantrums, whining voice, rolling eyes, shrugging shoulders, teasing, delight, laughter, speaking behind hand, raising hand to speak, squirming and giggling.
Verbal - baby talk, I wish, I dunno, I want, I'm gonna, I don't care, oh no, not again, things never go right for me,

27. Adult
Physical - attentive, interested, straight-forward, tilted head, non-threatening and non-threatened.
Verbal - why, what, how, who, where and when, how much, in what way, comparative expressions, reasoned statements

28. Social Diagnosis: How people Interact in a group
Historical Diagnosis: History of relationship in past
Contextual diagnosis:
Type of context
Type of transaction

29. Structural diagram
A structural diagram represents the complete personality of any individual.
Transactional Analysts construct a diagram showing the ego states involved in a particular transaction.

30. Types of Transactions Parallel Transaction/ Complimentary
Cross Transaction

31. Parallel/Complimentary

32. Cross

33. Limitations Stereotyping
Does not take into account cultural differences during interactions