1. CHINA

2. CHINA’S GEOGRAPHY and NATURAL WALL
What continent is China a part of?
This mountain range can be found along the southern border of China and India. It contains the highest mountain peak in the world.
This desert is north of the Himalayas. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the east by the Tarim River.
This river originates in the eastern Himalayas and flows toward the East China Sea. It crosses the Sichuan Basin.
What direction is Egypt from China and how many miles apart are they?
This river winds across northern China from the Himalayas. It has two names - one being Chinese and the other English.
This mountain range runs along the border of China and Mongolia. It is bordered on the east and south by a desert.
This is the water body that lies between the mainland of China and the small island country of Taiwan. The Tropic of Cancer runs through this water body.
9. This eastern region in China is close to the water and is considered one of the most fertile regions in the country. It is directly south of the nation’s modern day capital city.
Asia
Himalayas
Taklimakan
Yangtze
West around 2300 miles
Huang He ~ Yellow
Altai
Taiwan Strait
North China Plain

3. What direction is India from China and how many miles apart are they?
This water body is directly to the east of China. It lies between the mainland and the island chain of Ryukyu.
This water body lies between China’s mainland and the Korean peninsula. It shares it’s name with a river that winds through eastern China.
This fertile, flat area is located in northeast China and surrounded by the Greater Khingan Range on the west and Russia on the north and east sides.
14. This desert is found on the border between China and Mongolia.
About how many miles wide and long is China?
These are China’s western mountains and can be found between China and
Kyrgyzstan.
17. This large plateau is found in southwestern China.
South Border one another
East China Sea
Yellow Sea
Manchurian Plain
Gobi
Over 2500 miles east to west over 1000 miles north to south
Tien Shan
Plateau of Tibet

4. Himalaya
Hindu Kush
Tien Shan
Altai
Gobi
Taklimakan
Yellow
East China
South China
Safe from invaders/protection
Will have many natural resources
Difficult to trade/travel to/with others
May cause isolation

5. CHINA

7. In eastern Asia World’s most populated country
Fourth largest country in terms of area
Beijing is the capital Shanghai is the largest city
70% of it is mountains, hills, and highlands
Wide range of climates Most farmland and people are in the east
Most live in towns or villages
Republic government controlled by the Communist party
Government controls economy but is letting more free enterprise

8. 1 in 5 people are Chinese
Most work in agriculture
90% live in eastern China
92% are Han
Family is very important
Live modestly
Men marry after 22
Women marry after 20
Only allowed to have two kids
One of the world’s oldest civilizations
Developed the compass, paper, and porcelain

9. CHINA’S PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES

10. Yangtze River Summer Temp. = 65° F Winter Temp. = 22° F
Annual Precipitation = 40 ins.
Vegetation Type = rainforest +
The Yangtze river (meaning “Long River”) is the longest river in Asia, and the fourth longest in the world. It runs for a good 3,859 miles. To some people, it is considered a dividing line between northern and southern China.

11. Annual Precipitation = 5.5 ins. Vegetation Type = desert
Gobi Desert
Summer Temp. = 113° F
Winter Temp. = -40° F
Annual Precipitation = 5.5 ins.
Vegetation Type = desert
The word “Gobi” means very large and dry in Mongolian. The Gobi Desert is the 5th largest
desert in the world and is Asia’s largest. It covers an area of about 500,000 square miles.
The Gobi Desert is a cold desert, and it is not uncommon to see frost or occasionally snow on its
dunes.

12. Himalayan Mountains Summer Temp. = -13° F Winter Temp. = -100° F
Annual Precipitation = 80 inches
Vegetation Type = none +
. The Himalayan Mountains are the world’s highest mountain range and contain the world’s highest mountain, Mount Everest, which is over 25,000 feet high. The Himalayas extend for 1,500 miles. These mountains are extremely dangerous to travel through, not only because of their height, but also because they are always covered in snow and ice.

13. Huang He (Yellow) River
Summer Temp. = varies
Winter Temp. = varies
Annual Precipitation = 16 ins.
Vegetation Type = sparse grasses +
The Huang He River is the second longest river in China, as well as the sixth longest river in the world. It stretches about 3,395 miles. This river is commonly known as the Yellow River, because that is the color of the river from all of the sediment it carries. Another nickname for this river is “China’s Sorrow”. It is called this because it has been known to have devastating floods.

14. Annual Precipitation = 23 ins. Vegetation Type = grassland
North China Plain
Summer Temp. = 82° F
Winter Temp. = 28° F
Annual Precipitation = 23 ins.
Vegetation Type = grassland +
The North China Plain is the largest flat lowland area in China. It stretches across an area of 158,000 square miles. The early Chinese considered this plain “the center of the world”.

15. Annual Precipitation = 10 inches Vegetation Type = sparse grasses
Plateau of Tibet
Summer Temp. = 45° F
Winter Temp. = 18° F
Annual Precipitation = 10 inches
Vegetation Type = sparse grasses +
The Tibetan Plateau is also called “the roof of the world”. It is the highest and largest plateau in the world covering an area about four times the size of Texas.

16. Taklimakan Desert Summer Temp. = 100° F Winter Temp. = 15° F
Annual Precipitation = 5 inches
Vegetation Type = desert
More notes, find area
The Taklimakan Desert is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Many different mummies have been found in this desert, and some date back over four thousand years. The word “taklimakan” is known to mean “desert of death” or “place of no return”.

17. Tien Shan Mountains Summer Temp. = 41° F Winter Temp. = 15° F
Annual Precipitation = 10 ins.
Vegetation Type = forest +
The Tien Shan Mountains are one of the longest mountain ranges in Central Asia. Their name means “mountains of the spirits”. The mountains at their lower levels contain many spruce forests.

18. Manchurian Plain Summer Temp. = 75° F Winter Temp. = 10° F
Annual Precipitation = 20 ins.
Vegetation Type = sparse grasses
The Manchurian Plain is also known as the Northeast China Plain. It covers an area of over 135,000 square miles. There are almost no trees on this plain. This area is good for raising livestock and herding.

19. CHINA’S PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES

20. Yangtze River Location:
flows through south central China from the mountains to the sea
Facts:
Also known as the Chang Jiang
Yangtze = Long River
Longest river in China and Asia and 4th in the world
It sometimes does flood
People use the river to move goods between eastern and western areas in the region
Its surrounding lands are very fertile

21. Gobi Desert Location It covers part of China and Mongolia Facts
one of the world’s largest deserts
Most of the desert is stony and its surface is made up of small pebbles and tiny bits of sand
It is a cold desert, and it is not uncommon to see frost and occasionally snow on its dunes
Vegetation is sparse and the plants there tend to be small and widely spaced

22. Himalayan Mountains Location
Along China’s southern border and forms a natural border between the Indian subcontinent
Facts
the highest mountain range in the world
region is a bitterly cold place
It is so cold that there is very little or no vegetation.

23. Huang He (Yellow) River
Location
It bends through north central China from the mountains to the sea
Facts
Second longest river in China, 6th in the world
called the Yellow River because of the enormous amounts of yellow silt
Very muddy river
Called "the cradle of Chinese civilization", as its basin is the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations
the river has flooded more than 1,500 times, causing much damage and loss of life. This has also earned the river the name "China's Sorrow".

24. North China Plain Location east central China Facts
is a flat region of grassland and temperatures range from very warm in the summer to cold in the winter.
called the “Land of the Yellow Earth” because the ground is covered by yellow limestone silt from the Gobi Desert
This flat yellow-soil plain is the main area of grains, corn, and cotton production in China. Wheat, sesame seed, and peanuts are also grown here.
The plain is one of the most densely populated regions in the world.

25. Plateau of Tibet Location
The southwestern part of China is dominated by the high Tibet Plateau
Facts
This area is often called the “Roof of the World” since it is over two miles above sea level
It is a very large area, covering almost a quarter of the land in China
very cold and dry climate with sparse shrubs and grasses
The natural vegetation is eaten by antelopes and yaks that roam the area

26. Taklimakan Desert Location
located in western China, just northwest of the Tibetan Plateau
Facts
Over 105,000 square miles
considered one of the most dangerous deserts in the world
“once you go in, you will not come out”
The desert’s huge sand dunes shift and change as the wind blows the sand around and sandstorms arise with stunning speed
the desert is very dry with vegetation near oases only
Legend says that two armies and three hundred cities are buried in it

27. Tien Shan Mountains Location
The northwestern tip of China and lies to the north and west of the Taklimakan Desert
Facts
- one of the longest mountain ranges in Central Asia at 1700 miles long
- The name Tien Shan literally means “celestial mountains” and is sacred to those who practice Daoism
Heavy rain and snowfall on the range create a mountain environment that contrasts dramatically with the arid desert terrain of the southern foothills
On the lower slopes, there are flowery meadows and forests
Top of them are covered with glaciers

28. Manchurian Plain Location northeastern China - east of Mongolia Facts
Also known as Northeast China Plain
is a land of low hills and plains and the natural vegetation is mostly prairie grass
It has short, warm summers and is cold in the winter – dry in the north and wetter in the south
In general, the plain is too cold and dry to be a good place for growing crops but is good for herding and livestock

29. Map of China

30. China Map Key
Yangtze River
Gobi Desert
Himalayan Mountains
Huang He/Yellow (River)
North China Plain
Plateau of Tibet
Taklimakan Desert
Tien Shan (Mountains)
Manchurian Plain

31. QUESTIONS on CHINA’S GEOGRAPHY
Name the mountains found in northwest China.
The Huang He River and the Yangtze River flow in which direction?
What part of China are the Himalaya Mountains found in?
What direction would you travel in to get from the Taklimakan Desert to the Gobi Desert?
Which physiographic feature of China has the warmest summer temperature?
Which physiographic feature of China has the warmest winter temperature?
Tien Shan
west to east eastward
southern or southwestern
northeast or east
Gobi Desert
North China Plain

32. Which physiographic feature of China has the overall coldest temperatures?
Which physiographic features of China get over 20 inches of precipitation in a year?
Which physiographic feature of China is most like Carroll County? Defend your choice with at least three reasons.
Explain why over ninety percent of China’s population lives in eastern China?
Himalaya Mountains
Yangtze River, Himalayan Mountains, North China Plain, Manchurian Plain
NORTH CHINA PLAIN: similar temperatures, both have lots of grassland, both are farming areas growing corn, somewhat similar precipitations, both on the east coast
flat, reasonable temperatures, on the coast, two major rivers flow through it, fertile soil

33. CHINA’S GEOGRAPHY: HELPFUL or HARMFUL
OTHER FACTS
Natural barriers give protection
Rivers link/bring the people together
Rivers flood and enrich the soil for farming
Rivers used for their resources and as transportation/trade routes
Natural barriers make it hard to travel and communicate
Numerous regions formed and developed their own ways and, therefore, the Chinese were not unified
Rivers flood, destroy, and kill
Deserts are dry wastelands
Southwest = mountains
North and west = mountains and deserts
East = ocean
All of the above act as barriers keeping China both isolated and safe

34. Countries Around the World: China
thousand
The Chinese language has over a ___________________ characters in it.
An ancient form of writing from China is called _________________.
The ________________ and _________________ are two symbols of Communism.
Besides rice the ______________________ plant has been grown in China for a long time.
____________ on the Chinese flag stands for revolution, the big star
represents the _______________________, and the four smaller stars
stand for the __________________________ .
China has a ___________________________ climate.
The Chinese were the first to use _______________________ and
their currency is called the _______________________ .
China’s official national religion is ______________________.
The __________________________________ has the most fertile soil in China.
calligraphy
sickle
hammer
soybean
Red
Communist Party
people
diverse
paper money
Yuan
atheist
Yangtze River Delta

35. PREHISTORIC CHINA

36. Yangshao

37. Yangshao
Began 10,000 B.C.E
Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in north central China.
Were farmers in China
Had houses built partially underground with plastered floors and roofs supported by wooden beams
Created painted pottery with geometric designs on it They used a kiln but no potter’s wheel

38. Lungshan

39. Lungshan
About 3000 B.C.E
Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in northeast China.
Farmers that raised cattle, sheep, pigs, and dogs and grew wheat and millet
Eventually settled in southern China to grow rice
Leaders arose to complete projects to control flooding
Created black pottery using a kiln and a potter’s wheel
First to harvest silk from silkworms to weave fabric which became a major export of China

40. Xia

41. Xia
Last of the Prehistoric settlements around 2000 B.C.E. (ruled for about 300 years)
Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in north central China.
Know about them from legends and eventually what archeologists have found
Had bronze weapons and tools
Were farmers
Made pottery
Rulers communicated with spirits for help and guidance
Defeated by the Shang, China’s first dynasty
Could eventually become China’s first dynasty when and if more evidence is found about them

42. The Shang Dynasty

43. A Shang dynasty tortoise shell with pictographs
A Shang dynasty tortoise shell with pictographs. The Shang dynasty is the earliest Chinese dynasty supported by archeological and written evidence.

44. The ruins of Yin date back to the Shang dynasty
The ruins of Yin date back to the Shang dynasty. A number of tombs were discovered at this site, but only one, that of Fuo Hao, was undisturbed.

45. A jade carving discovered in Fuo Hao's tomb
A jade carving discovered in Fuo Hao's tomb. Fuo Hao was a wife of King Wu Ding during the Shang dynasty and is reported to have served as a military leader. Her tomb was untouched when discovered in 1976.

46. Evidence of human sacrifice is common in elite tombs of the Shang dynasty.

47. A Shang dynasty bronze zun or wine vessel, shaped in the form of an elephant with uplifted trunk.

48. A Chinese archeologist works at a newly discovered pit of chariots and horses in the ruins of Yin. Five of the seven pits are arranged in a line, with chariots and horses facing eastward.

49. SHANG DYNASTY
BCE
2) On the Huang He River in the North China Plain
3) The Shang dynasty is important because . . .
CHINA’S FIRST DYNASTY
4) A series of rulers from the same family
From the tombs, artifacts, and writing we have found

50. SHANG TOMB ARTIFACTS

51. The people in ancient China believed that ancestors brought their families good or bad fortune. During the Shang dynasty, the Chinese used bronze containers, or vessels, to hold food items in ceremonies honoring their ancestors. They also placed such vessels in tombs so the dead could continue to have things to eat and drink in the next world. Craftspeople designed some bronze vessels to hold wine offerings and others to hold meat or grain. Many vessels featured a design known as dao die. This design can be viewed as one animal split lengthwise and spread along the sides of the container, or as two animals facing each other. The design, which was molded onto vessels, may have been meant to frighten away evil spirits.
Bronze Vessel

52. Bronze ceremonial axes, which were found in many Shang emperors’ tombs, were symbols of imperial authority. These axes were used to kill the sacrificial victims who were buried with the emperor. Early Chinese emperors, who ruled an empire that included areas of the North China Plain, had complete power to make all government decisions. They owned all of the land, but gave some of it away to nobles to be in charge of.
Ceremonial Ax

53. During times of war, Shang nobility gave chariots to the emperor to help him create a powerful army. In return, the emperor gave the nobles land. When an emperor died, chariots were placed in his tomb to provide protection for him in the next life. Shang chariots were horse-drawn, boxlike battle carriages with two wheels and low fronts. Usually, three warriors rode in a chariot, which had no seats. The driver stood in the middle, a spear carrier stood on his left and an archer stood on his right.
Chariot

54. During the Shang dynasty, people usually traded or bartered for the goods they wanted. However, cowrie shells were also used as currency during this period. The ancient Chinese strung 5 to 10 shells together and used them as coins are used today. Cowrie shells were valuable because the source of the shells was so far away. The closest supply of cowries was on the east coast of China below the Chang Jiang, or Yangtze River. The Shang had to trade with neighboring regions to obtain these shells.
Cowrie Shells

55. The Chinese fought many wars during the Shang dynasty
The Chinese fought many wars during the Shang dynasty. Conflicts between the Shang and neighboring peoples to the west and south were caused by boundary disputes, the desire for more valuable resources and the need to secure prisoners for human sacrifices. Many wars involved large armies of more than 13,000 men. Soldiers used bronze weapons such as arrowheads, spearheads, helmets and daggers mounted on wooden shafts. The ancient Chinese believed that the weapons gave Shang warriors an advantage over their enemies, who had less technologically advanced weapons. Jade copies of Shang daggers were placed in imperial tombs for use in the afterlife.
Daggers

56. During the Shang dynasty, the main occupation of most Chinese people was farming. Peasants used simple wooden plows, stone shovels, sickles and axes to work the land. They raised such crops as millet, wheat, barley, rice, fruits, vegetables and nuts. Peasants did not own the land they farmed. Instead, it was owned by the emperor and the nobles to whom the emperor had given the land. Peasants cultivated crops to support themselves and supply the nobility. After a harvest, the peasants kept only the crops necessary for them to survive. They gave the remainder of the harvest to the nobles who in turn sent some of it to the emperor.
Farming Tools

57. Shang emperors and priests used oracle bones to predict the future
Shang emperors and priests used oracle bones to predict the future. Oracle bones were made from the shoulder blades of cattle or from tortoise shells that were imported from southeast China. Shang priests etched statements onto the surface of the shell or bone. The statements might concern such topics as rainfall, harvest, sickness, childbirth or enemy attacks. The statements were written in both positive and negative terms. For example, a priest might have written, “It will rain” and “It will not rain”. Then the priest applied a hot poker to a grove on the back of the bone so that the bone cracked. People believed that the crack that appeared could be studied to reveal which of the opposing statements was true.
Oracle Bone

58. Rhinoceros with Inscription
Only Shang emperors and nobles could own the special bronze containers or vessels, used in religious ceremonies. Craftspeople cast these vessels in various shapes. Some were shaped like animals, such as cows or rhinoceroses. Bronze objects often bore inscriptions marking the occasion for which they were made. One such inscription was discovered on the stomach of a bronze rhinoceros. It tells of an emperor’s gift of cowrie shells to a high government official to thank him for a military victory.
Rhinoceros with Inscription

59. During the Shang dynasty, human beings were sacrificed to honor the emperor at the time of his death. These sacrificial victims were buried with the emperor. There were two types of victims whose skeletons have been found in Shang imperial tombs. Some skeletons were complete. They were buried with items that indicated the victims were supposed to serve the emperor in the next life. Weapons, pottery or musical instruments were placed near these bodies. Other skeletons were headless. These bodies were meant to be used by the dead emperor in the afterlife as sacrifices to his ancestors.
Sacrificial Victims

60. Archeologists have learned from stone carvings about the animals that people raised during the Shang dynasty. These carvings show such animals as cattle, sheep, water buffalo, oxen, horses, pigs, dogs and chickens. The animals provided food and were sacrificed in great numbers. One royal ceremony alone required the killing of 1,000 head of cattle. People from the villages surrounding the Shang capital at An Yang sent huge herds of animals for the emperor and nobles to eat and to sacrifice in their ceremonies.
Stone Ox

61. ZHOU DYNASTY

62. farmers lived in the Wei Valley on the Huang He River under Shang rule
2) In 1050 BCE Wu the Martial and the Zhou conquered the Shang
3) China’s longest lasting dynasty
4) Tian – impersonal power (heaven) worshiped by the Zhou that demanded right behavior and good government
Mandate of Heaven – getting heaven’s (tian) support if you ruled well

63. KING
NOBLES
PEASANTS
owned all of the land and granted Nobles complete control of the land given them, protects and defends the land and people, govern in the interest of the people
controls the land given to him from the king which consisted of a walled town and the farms around it, must give the king a portion of what the peasants produce from his land, must send the king soldiers in times of war
work the farmland and give the noble some of what they produce/make, are the soldiers

64. 6) Dialects are different forms of the same language
7) Communication from region to region was difficult because people could not always understand each other when they spoke

65. 8) Expanded the use of writing so no matter how a word was pronounced in the different regions of China, its written form would be the same and understood. This allows China’s culture to grow and spread.

66. Qin
Located near the city of Xia
Was a palace for the afterlife with jewels and a recreated China
Was built by prisoners
Soldiers were made of clay, brightly painted, and no two are alike
Makers were buried with Qin
It uses picture symbols with no alphabet and is very hard
Shang = 1700 – 1050 BCE
Zhou = 1050 – 221 BCE
Qin = 221 – 206 BCE

67. Built by prisoners and peasants
8 horses wide at the top and 6 horses wide at the bottom and 5 men tall
Over 1500 miles long
Made to keep out the Mongols
A trade route from China to Rome
Your last name (family name) is first and your first name goes last
tea, rice, wheat, noodles, beans, and vegetables
Fireworks, yoyo, stir-fry, compass, noodles, paper, coins, kites, wheel barrow, silk, china/porcelain, ship’s rudder, acupuncture

68. ANCIENT CHINA’S BELIEF SYSTEMS

69. CONFUCIUS China’s greatest teacher Born in Lu, China
Was part of a noble family then became poor and orphaned
Well educated
Gave simple lessons for living
551 – 479 BCE during the last years of the Zhou Dynasty
Order and mutual respect among people led to peace
Treat others the way you would want to be treated – Golden Rule

70. REN Central idea of Confucianism “relationship between two people”
One person existing in harmony with another

71. CONFUCIANISM Husband and wife Father and son
Older brother and younger brother
Friend and friend
Ruler and subject
Sincerity (honest), loyalty (trusting), mutual respect (considerate)
Family very important and children should respect their parents
Rulers should act like good fathers
Government should be based on goodness
Government officials should earn their jobs

72. MOISM
Mozi
Universal love for all people and respect for all people will bring peace

73. LEGALISM All people are bad by nature
Only a strong government with strict laws and harsh punishments can keep the evil under control

74. DAOISM Laozi Want a small and simple society
Best leaders work quietly in the background and do not worry about
getting credit
Want to find Dao – “the way” of the universe by being in harmony with nature and in touch with your inner feelings