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Cartographic modeling

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Presentation on theme: "Cartographic modeling"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cartographic modeling
… a set of interacting, ordered map operations that act on raw data, as well as derived and intermediate map data, to simulate a spatial decision-making process (DeMers, 1997, p. 353) developed by Dana Tomlin (1990)

2 Cartographic modeling
A cartographic model is a plan of how to proceed through an analysis, including the necessary data, operations on those data, intermediate results of those operations, and the final results of the analysis. A cartographic model is usually expressed in a flowchart of some kind.

3 Cartographic modeling
No matter how much experience you have, flowcharting aids the modeling process by: diminishing the overall complexity of the task allowing the analysis to be planned out in an organized manner providing documentation

4 Cartographic modeling
Steps in cartographic modeling for a site suitability analysis: 1. Identify the goal of the analysis 2. Identify the criteria for site suitability 3. Identify necessary data layers and GIS operations 4. Create a formal representation (e.g. flowchart) of how analysis should proceed 5. Go through analysis 6. Iterative refinement of analysis 7. Model verification Operation-alizing

5 Cartographic modeling
Goal Rank land according to suitability for farming Criteria must be on fair or good soil must be on slope < 11 % must be > 10 meters from water Soil criteria is twice as important as slope Desire a ranking of land, if possible

6 Data Inputs Soils (vector) Elevation (raster) Waterbodies (vector)

7 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

8 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x Soil RasSoil SoilRank 1 1 2 4 3 5 3 2 1 2 3 1 5 4 ID Type 1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx rasterize reclassify ID Type 1 poor fair good 1 good 2 fair 3 poor 4 poor 5 good

9 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRankR2x SRank2x SoilRank 3 2 1 6 4 2 multiply x 2 ID Type 1 poor fair good ID Type 2 poor fair good

10 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

11 Cartographic modeling
calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank Elevation Slope SlopeRank 75 70 69 63 84 74 73 67 78 71 68 79 96 83 64 76 85 81 62 14 3 4 8 13 9 11 7 16 6 15 10 3 2 1 calcslope (not correct!) reclassify ID Slope 0 impossible 1 poor fair good = = = > 10 = 0

12 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

13 Cartographic modeling
SRank2x SlopeRank SoilSlope 6 4 2 3 2 1 6 7 4 3 5 9 8 2 add = ID Type 2 poor fair good ID Slope 0 impossible 1 fair good

14 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

15 Cartographic modeling
Slope BadSlope 14 3 4 8 13 9 11 7 16 6 15 10 1 reclassify > = = 1 ID Status 0 excluded included

16 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

17 Cartographic modeling
buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Water WaterBuf WbufR B 1 B A B Buffer 10 meters rasterize ID Buffer A in B out ID Status 0 excluded included A = excluded B = included

18 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

19 Cartographic modeling
BadSlope WBufR Exclusive 1 1 1 = x multiply ID Status 0 excluded included ID Status 0 excluded included ID Status 0 excluded included

20 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

21 Cartographic modeling
Exclusive SoilSlope Rough 1 6 7 4 3 5 9 8 2 7 6 4 3 5 9 8 = x multiply ID Status 0 excluded included

22 Cartographic modeling
Rough Final 2 3 4 1 7 6 4 3 5 9 8 reclassify = = = = = 1 ID Rank 0 Excluded Best Good Fair Poor

23 Cartographic modeling
rasterize reclassify multiply Soil RasSoil SoilRank SRank2x add calcslope reclassify Elevation Slope SlopeRank SoilSlope BadSlope multiply Rough multiply Exclusive reclassify buffer rasterize Water WaterBuf WBufR Final

24 Cartographic modeling
Can get large and complex diagrams Manage intermediate data layers Maintain documentation Model verification Question integrity of model - do the data and operations capture the real world process you are attempting to model? Does the model output suit the decision making needs of the organization? Check for logical inconsistencies (maps are helpful for this)

25 Cartographic modeling
check for logical inconsistencies (maps are helpful for this) Slope Final 14 3 4 8 13 9 11 7 16 6 15 10 2 3 4 1 ID Rank 0 Excluded Best Good Fair Poor

26 Cartographic modeling
Remember that GIS is for decision support, it is not the decision maker!

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