1. The Human Person’s Most Secret Core – Article 6 CCC
The Moral Conscience

2. Conscience – What is it?
It sometimes helps to look at the etymology of a word to get a sense of its core meaning, in this case:
“con” means “with”, while “science” relates to knowledge. At the heart consciences is what informs or indeed ultimately makes us responsible for what we do.
Conscience is ultimately a judgment of reason, if we reason well, we will act well.

3. Right and Wrong – Really?
The great challenge today rests in an accepted relativism, “Who am I to judge”
Pope Francis said this and was absolutely correct in the context that he was using it, but the media mischaracterized it to mean something altogether different.
We can never judge the culpability of one’s soul, but we are obliged the judge the character of the act.
A well formed conscience will judge well!

4. The Moral Conscience According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church nn. 1776-1794
“Deep within his conscience man discovers a law which he has not laid upon himself but which he must obey. Its voice, ever calling him to love and to do what is good and to avoid evil, sounds in his heart at the right moment.... For man has in his heart a law inscribed by God.... His conscience is man’s most secret core and his sanctuary. There he is alone with God whose voice echoes in his depths.” [GS n. 47]

5. Some Examples
Franz Jägerstätter – beatified October 26, A German conscientious objector who was executed for his unwillingness to serve as a soldier in the Nazi war machine (he offered to be a paramedic, but was refused this option)
Compare this to those who said, “I was just following orders!”

6. The Judgment of Conscience
Section 1 nn
Moral Conscience …. bears witness to the authority of truth in reference to the supreme Good to which the human person is drawn. When he listens to his conscience, the prudent man can hear God speaking. n. 1777

7. Conscience is a Judgment of Reason
John Henry Cardinal Newman
Conscience is a law of the mind; yet [Christians] would not grant that it is nothing more; I mean that it was not a dictate, nor conveyed the notion of responsibility, of duty, of a threat and a promise.... [Conscience] is a messenger of him, who, both in nature and in grace, speaks to us behind a veil, and teaches and rules us by his representatives. Conscience is the aboriginal Vicar of Christ. n. 1778

8. Self-Knowledge is Essential
Return to your conscience, question it.... Turn inward, brethren, and in everything you do, see God as your witness. n a quote from St. Augustine
We need time to reflect and meditate on what is truly good rather than that which is merely expedient.
The needed virtue is prudence, namely the capacity to judge well. (see n.1780)
Conscience enables one to assume responsibility for the acts performed. n. 1981

9. Conscience must be respected
Man has the right to act in conscience and in freedom so as personally to make moral decisions. “He must not be forced to act contrary to his conscience. Nor must he be prevented from acting according to his conscience, especially in religious matters.” n. 1782
This assumes the conscience is well formed.

10. The Formation of Conscience
Section 2 – nn
We have an obligation to form our consciences adequately.
The education of conscience is indispensable for human beings who are subjected to negative influences and tempted by sin to prefer their own judgment and to reject authoritative teachings. n. 1783

11. The Formation is Ongoing
The education of the conscience is a lifelong task. …. The education of the conscience guarantees freedom and engenders peace of heart. n. 1784
In the formation of conscience the Word of God is the light for our path; we must assimilate it in faith and prayer and put it into practice…. . We are assisted by the gifts of the Holy Spirit, aided by the witness or advice of others and guided by the authoritative teaching of the Church. n. 1785

12. To Choose in Accord with Conscience - Section 3 – nn. 1786-1789
Ultimately we will be judged in one sense by our conscience, some non-negotiables:
—One may never do evil so that good may result from it;
—the Golden Rule: “Whatever you wish that men would do to you, do so to them.”
—charity always proceeds by way of respect for one’s neighbor and his conscience: “Thus sinning against your brethren and wounding their conscience... you sin against Christ.” Therefore “it is right not to... do anything that makes your brother stumble.”

13. Erroneous Judgment Section 4 – nn.1790 -1794
Humans can make mistakes. We must follow the dictates of our conscience, but there is the possibility that we fail in forming our conscience correctly.
Some sources for errors in judgment:
Ignorance of Christ and his Gospel, bad example given by others, enslavement to one’s passions, assertion of a mistaken notion of autonomy of conscience, rejection of the Church’s authority and her teaching, lack of conversion and of charity: n. 1792

14. A couple more Examples The young woman counseled to have and abortion.
Society affirms her decision
The father pays for it
She is told it is just a blob of tissue.
The little boy and the plant with dry leaves
Some tell him to put oil on the leaves to soften them because it seems to work on skin
He does it in good faith, the plant dies.
Both are “guilty” of doing something wrong, but would not be fully “culpable” or morally responsible for their respective acts.

15. In Brief (Summary from the Catechism)
“Conscience is man’s most secret core, and his sanctuary. There he is alone with God whose voice echoes in his depths” (GS 16).
Conscience is a judgment of reason by which the human person recognizes the moral quality of a concrete act.
For the man who has committed evil, the verdict of his conscience remains a pledge of conversion and of hope.
A well-formed conscience is upright and truthful. It formulates its judgments according to reason, in conformity with the true good willed by the wisdom of the Creator. Everyone must avail himself of the means to form his conscience.
Faced with a moral choice, conscience can make either a right judgment in accordance with reason and the divine law or, on the contrary, an erroneous judgment that departs from them.
A human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience.
Conscience can remain in ignorance or make erroneous judgments. Such ignorance and errors are not always free of guilt.
The Word of God is a light for our path. We must assimilate it in faith and prayer and put it into practice. This is how moral conscience is formed