1. Recognise Healthy Body systems
HLTAP301A

2. Cells and tissues Cells Basic units of life
More than 200 types of cells with each having a specific purpose
Structure
Plasma membrane
outer covering enclosing the cell
helps cell keep shape
selectively permeable
regulates the entry and exit of substances

3. Inside the cell Divided into 2 compartments Nucleus Cytoplasm
Resembles the inside of a raw egg
Yellow yolk is the nucleus
White is the cytoplasm

4. Cells and Tissues Nucleus Centre of cell control centre Contains DNA
Most adult cells have a nucleus
Mature RBC does not
Cytoplasm
Surrounds nucleus
Semi fluid
90% water, protein, carbohydrate, fats and minerals
Contains organelles

5. Cells and Tissues Organelles
Responsible for specialised functions such as cell growth
maintenance
repair
control

6. Cells and Tissues Transport
Plasma membrane regulates flow in and out of cell
Cells are bathed in fluid classed in two types
Intracellular
Extracellular
This aids in the process called homeostasis

7. transport
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

8. transport
Osmosis diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

9. Cells and Tissues
Reproduction is necessary for bodily growth and repair.
Called mitosis
46 chromosomes arrange into 23 pairs
Cell divides pulling chromosomes in half
2 identical cells are formed each containing 46 chromosomes

10. disorders
Atrophy- means without nourishment and is a decrease in cell size which leads to wasting of tissues and organs
Dysplasia- means abnormal growth and is an alteration in cell size, this can result in cancer
Hyperplasia- overgrowth and can result in increase in size of tissues and organs
Necrosis- death of cells
Neoplasm- abnormal new growth, also called a tumour

11. Cells and Tissues Tissues
Made of groups of cells that are similar in appearance and function
Types are
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
nervous

12. Cells and Tissues Epithelial tissue
Covers internal and external body surfaces
Forms large, continuous sheets
Helps form the skin
Lines hollow organs
Forms glands
Protects(skin), absorbs(skin), filters(respiratory) and secretes(respiratory), transports(digestive).

13. Epithelial tissue Classified according to appearance Simple Stratified
Squamous
Columnar
Cuboidal

14. Cells and Tissues Connective tissue Most abundant
Supports and connects protects underlying structures
Types
Dense-tendons,ligaments
Loose-adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Blood- liquid

15. Cells and Tissues Muscle tissue
Specialised cells that contract and relax to produce movement
Types
Skeletal-voluntary and attached to bones
Smooth-involuntary, walls of hollow organs
Cardiac-involuntary, in the heart

16. Cells and Tissues Nervous tissue
Makes up brain, spinal cord and nerves
Neurons receive and conduct impulses
Neuroglia support and take care of neurons

17. Cells and Tissues Tissue repair Occurs as soon as injury happens
In one of two ways
Regeneration-cells are replaced with the same type of cell as original
Fibrosis-damaged cells are replaced by scar tissue

18. Membranes
Thin sheets of tissue that cover surfaces, line cavities and surround organs
Classified as epithelial or connective
Epithelial include the skin, mucous membrane and serous membrane
Connective includes joint cavities, covering bones,cartilage,brain and spinal cord and muscle

19. Cutaneous membrane The skin
Outer layer is stratified, Squamous epithelium
Protects the body from invading microorganisms
Prevents body from drying out
Underlying layer is made of dense fibrous connective tissue
Strengthens and anchors top layer

20. Mucous membranes Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior
Includes digestive, urinary, reproductive and respiratory tracts.
Contain stratified Squamous epithelium
Can absorb and secrete
Secretion is called mucous which helps to lubricate the membrane

21. Serous membranes
Line frontal body cavities which are not open to exterior
Secrete a thin, watery fluid that allows membranes to slide past each other without friction
Simple, Squamous epithelium resting on connective tissue
Line cavities and fold back onto the surface of the organs
Include pleura, pericardium and peritoneum

22. Disorders Adhesion- abnormal joining of tissues by scar tissue
Cancer- abnormal growth
Collagen diseases- rheumatoid arthritis, lupus= auto immune disease
Gangrene- death of soft tissues
Neoplasm- adenoma, osteoma, lipoma, polyps