1. TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINERRING
SKILL DEPARTEMEN PROGRAM : BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
SKILL COMPETENCE : DRAWING BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

2. 1. Understanding Concrete and Reinforcement Concrete :
Drawing a map
1. Understanding Concrete and Reinforcement Concrete :
Water
Concrete
Cement
Reinforce Concrete
Sand
Iron/Metal
Gravel
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3. Drawing A Plan Of The Olat Of The Building Floor
Beton adalah the concrete is:
The combination of cement, sand, pebble and some water, then it is mixed and drop into a certain package. Let it for a few minutes until it is solid, dry and hard)
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4. Drawing A Plan Of Building Floor Plat
The construction reinforce concrete in building that could be separated because of it is include in building techniques.
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5. Drawing A Plan Of Building Floor Plat
Before the carrying out building project, should be drawn a concrete construction. And the drawing should be match in the master plan in order not to be disordeder.
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6. Drawing A Plan Of Building Floor Plat
The drawing of reinforce concrete is obtained from the plan of construction. So to carry out such a skill need a skillful persons.
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7. Drawing A Plan Of Building Floor Plat
In the process of reinforce concrete. It is begun from the upper construction until the lower one. In practice, the work to build is begun from the lower construction to the higher one.
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8. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Konstruksi Beton Bertulang (the construction reinforce building)
fondation
Sloof
lader
kolumns
beam
Upper plat
Plat Lantai the floor plat
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9. Drawing A Plan Of Building Floor Plat
Next is the steps of planning, calculating and drawing Reinforcement Concrete Construction are begun from :
Plat Construction (roof and floor)
Block Construction (roof and floor)
Colum Construction
Sloop Construction
Ladder Construction
Foot Plat Foundation Construction
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10. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Drawing a plat plan
The plat is on the beam that function as the standard. The plat is to complete the other components: beam and column. The plat consists of unit of package or the parts to be concreted. It is more provided if the monolit to be in unity with the providing beam.
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11. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The character of the plat is under a burden by mean of which it provides the beam from adge to edge. It’s depend on the form of plat panel. It means that the composition between the length and the width. It is usually vertical and symmetric.
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12. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
I practice a plat is doe to be spread out one direction to tie the construction completely.
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13. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Plat can be given woven reinforcement in shape which is bound with concrete wirw.
So, the minimal reinforce is set vertically towards the main reinforce. The position of the lower reinforce and the upper one is in equal to the position of the beam.
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14. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
STEP OF DRAWING PLAT PLANNING
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15. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Designing a map of reinforcing plat
To design a map of reinforcing plat, firstly, we make schema-drawing map of the plat and the beam of the roof/floor. Give the plats some initial notes like a, b, c etc. And for the beam like 1,2,3 etc. Draw the map of the plates and the beam of the roof/floor.
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16. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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17. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
DENAH RENCANA PLAT ATAP
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18. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
To draw a concrete construction, we need the following things:
Used Symbols, (good symbols)
requirements to set concrete construction
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19. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The symbols of reinforce concrete
A symbol is a providing device for drawing, so anyone who uses it can understand the pictures)
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20. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Some symbols and description I reinforcing concrete
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21. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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22. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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23. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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24. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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25. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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26. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
In order that the drawing of reinforce concrete for the plat (for the luifel). For the importance of some requirements we should understand what we should be inserted into construction of reinforcing concrete.
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27. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Setting the reinforce
Some requirements of reinforcement plat
T = The thicnkess of plat
t = The ideal interval of setting reinforce
a = The coating of the concrete
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28. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Adding Information:(micellinuous description):
t = The ideal interval to set the reinforcement
= 2,5cm minimal 2,5 cm
= 2 T
= 20 cm
a = concrete coating
a = 1,5 cm, when it is contaminated by salty water or acid should be added 1 cm
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29. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
If the working moments is small, the interval from central to central max 40 cm.
For everything related to the reinforcement plat, never less than 0,25% from the concrete tray.
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30. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Some requirement that should be taken into consideration based on PBI 1971:
For upper plat never less than 12 cm and 7 cm.
The large of the devidence should be taken 0.25% and the width of concrete as well.
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31. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
For the plat where the main reinforce is only one way, it should be vertically laid on the main reinforce. And for devident reinforce is at least 20% from the large of main reinforcement
The plats are given cor mix at a local position, so the diameter and the bar of main reinforce should be inserted at least 6 mm
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32. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The plats that bear burden vertically down, because of the impact of burden of the plat arrangements that have to be given lower reinforce. The amount of lower reinforce in the following should be aken at least the same as the reinforcement neded by the plat to bear the negatuve moment, but it is also given reinforcement by the plat to bear equally vertical, but at the edges should be tied completely. Such a requirement is invalid for cantilever plat.
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33. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The thicker plat that has more than 25 cm, should be set some upper reinforcement as well as the lower one, by paying attention to the point 1,2,3 and 4. Such requirements do not run for foot-print fondation.
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34. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Some requirements to decide reinforcement of the floor plat:
The width of main reinforcement ≥ 1,5% (Hr . X)
The devident reinforcement ≥ 0,1 % (Hr.Y)
The interval of maximum main reinforcement (X) :
4. Max reinforcement:
- 1,2 Hr
- 250 mm
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35. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Kinds of Reinforcement
The reinforcement that is available on the construction of concrete plate.
1) Main reinforcement
a. The primary reinforcement is the one set symmetrically by mean of which the wider plat side is put nearby the out-side of the concrete.
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36. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
b.The secunder reinforcement is the reinforcement that is set in parallel by mean of which the side of the plat, the length and its location is after the primar reinforcement
2) The decrease reinforce is a kind of reinforce that is set to provide the shrink / melting and its installation opposite and vertical with main reinforcement by the distance of centre to centre the reinforcement shrunk 40 cm.
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37. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
3) Dividend reinforcement is something that is set on the plat having a main reinforce and the way to set it is parallel and vertical . It is about 20 % in size from the main reinforcement and the interval from the center towards the reinforce core and the interval is 25 cm or each piece 1 m 4 bars.
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38. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The setting up reinforce is usually on the plat construction, like luifel/roof/floor and wall. Such a dividends is beneficial for:
To provide main reinforce in order to be fit in the spot
To divide equally burden
To prevent destruction of construction
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39. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The tickness of plat
Roof plat >7 cm minimal 7 cm
Floor plat >12 cm minimal 12 cm
Diameter of Plat Reinforcement
The diameter of plat reinforce Ø 8 mm dan tulangan pembagi Ø mm
The soft steel of main reinforce Ø 5 mm dan tulangan pembagi Ø 4mm
At the thick plat more than 25 cm, reinforcement I every place must be installed double and it is not for remaining foundation.
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40. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The construction system on the plat : :
Terletak bebas
Terjepit penuh
Terjepit elastis
Konstruksi Terletak Bebas
Apabila tepi pelat itu ditumpu di atas suatu tumpuan yang dapat berputar (tidak dapat menerima momen), misalnya pelat tersebut terletak di atas dinding tembok.
Construction lays freely
If the edge of plat is on rest that is put on something that can rewind (can’t receive a moment, such as the plat is put on the wall.
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41. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Gambar. Konstruksi Terletak Bebas
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42. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Construction of full pinched
If the edge of the plat is rest on so that it can’t rewind caused by the burden that work on the plat, for example the plat become the unity of monolit with the providing beam.
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43. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
picture. Tied completely construction
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44. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Elastically tired construction
When the edge of the plat is on the Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
With the providing beam that isn’t relatively stiff and it’s likely that the plat could rewind on rest.
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45. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Setting up the reinforce
setting up the reinforced plat on the four sides:
Setting up to bear field moment in a parallel position by mean of which the edge of the plat can be reduced till a half of it.
Every angle of the plat that is freely rest on, it should be set up.
3. The amount for both directions should be equally taken as the amount of large reinforce and in it’s spot.
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46. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Choosing Concrete Iron
To define or choose the diameter of reinforce at the concrete construction after the the size of the reinforcement is to be obtain through measurement.
For the important drawing, it should be pay attention the following things:
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47. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
List of Reinforcement Concrete Construction
i The width of the tray of iron reinforce in cm2 for every wide of the plat 100 cm
ii. The diameter of the iron in mm, the inner weight in kg and the width of circle steel tray in cm2
iii. The diameter of iron reinforce is in mm, it’s weight is in kg, the wide of the circle iron tray is in cm2 and the wide of beam is in cm by the thickness of the beam cover and the diameter of intervals.
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48. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
The decisions about the minimal and maximal distance that a reinforce should be applied.
The decisions of the minimal that should be set up
The decisions of the size of minimal diameter for a construction
Choosing an appropriate concrete iron that is available in the public market
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49. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Choosing Concrete Iron for Plate
Reinforce onsists of support reinforce and field.
Installation Technic is straight to pactice and speed of installation. But there is hook installation at ¼ spread out at support aea and field, in order to be cheap because it is in accord with its fucntion. In calculating or chosing field reinforcement is divided into parts.
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50. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Strech reinforce is chosen by looking at list of its wide has been suitable with calculating, after that it determines gap of reinforcement. Remember that minimal and maximal of reinforcement gap and diameter which can be used.
Less wide of support is searched its big on list, so wide of supporting is fulfilled. The length of support reinforcement is usually ¼ spread out of plate. At support reinforcement needs concrete iron as a hook or dividing reinforcement with diameter Ø 8–20
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51. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Reinforcing plate of roof its installation is the same with plate of floor , but it needs shrunk reinforcement by diameter 6 mm with gap 40 cm (Ø 6–40). Installating shrunk plate is required not to become cracked because of weather. For luifel plate consists of main reinforcement and dividen and when it needs to be given crossing shrunk reinforcement domicile below with diameter 6 mm gap of 40 cm (Ø 6–40).
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52. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
2. The consideration of plat
Determine plate burden
Defining the burden of plat
Counting the power of the burden of roof plat
To count the summary of plat moments of the roof.
Deciding and counting the reinforce plat
Calculating the power of current capacity.
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53. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
To consider the control of movable current and power
To consider the resume of internal plat
To draw the reinforce plat
To make list of angle and parts of reinforce.
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54. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
3. Drawing map of plate reinforcement plan.
Drawing map of planning plate reinforcement can be done after reinforcement is known.
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55. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
For example
It’s defined:
– Plate luifel (look at picture )
– Wide of reinforcement which is needed A = 5,35 cm2
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56. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
It’s asked
1. Draw the reinforce under the scale 1 : 25 !
2. Count the tonnage of reinforce necessary for!.
3. Count how much cubic/volume is necessary!
Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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57. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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58. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Picture of installing four sides reinforcement
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59. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Picture of installing reinforcement for two flat
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60. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Picture of installing reinforcement for one flat
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61. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Examole of the reinforce of roof
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62. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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63. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Picture of reinforcement plate of roof and Luifel
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64. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Picture of reinforcement plate of roof more than one flat
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65. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
4. Drawing Detail of reinforcement plate
Example of drawing Luifel Plate reinforcement.
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66. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Picture of Detail Luifel Plate of reinforcement
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67. Menggambar Rencana Balok Beton Bertulang
Example picture of Floor Plate of detail reinforcement.
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68. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
Example :
Map of plate and placing plate reinforcement
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69. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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70. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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71. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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72. Menggambar Rencana Pelat Lantai Bangunan
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73. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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74. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
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75. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
FINISH
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76. Drawing A Map Of Plate Of Building Floor
THANK YOU
Compiled by : Rina D. Kania.S.Pd
SMK Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya
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