1. Portland Cement Concrete
Chapter 7 Soils
Portland Cement Concrete

2. Portland Cement
Lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide are the main minerals in Portland Cement. They are ground together, placed in a kiln, and heated to 2700℉. The result of the process is called clinker. The clinker is ground and mixed with around 5% gypsum producing Portland Cement.

3. Portland Cement, cont. Portland Cement hardens when mixed with water
The chemical process of hydration continues as long as water is present
Hydration produces heat, 50% of the total heat in the first 3 days

4. Types of Portland Cement
Type 1 - Normal
Type 2 - Moderate
Type 3 - High Early Strength
Type 4 - Low Heat of Hydration
Type 5 - Sulfate-Resisting
95% of Portland Cement used is Type - 1

5. Tests for Portland Cement
Fineness – smaller particles absorb faster
Setting – setting time
Compressive Strength
Tensile Strength
Specific Gravity
Soundness

6. Concrete
Concrete is produced when you mix Portland Cement, aggregate, and water together. To increase durability an air entraining agent is included in the mix.
Concrete is rated by the compressive reached in 28 days. 60% of the strength is reached in 7 days.

7. Concrete Standard Test:
Slump - a 12”cone is filled 3 lifts, 25 rods per lift. The cone is removed and the amount of displacement is measured.
Air Content Test

8. Standard Test, cont.
6” x 6” x 30” beams are made to test Flexural Strength
6” diameter X 12” cylinders made to test Compressive Strength

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