1. 1.05 Understand the characteristics of the muscular system

2. 1.05 Understand the characteristics of the muscular system
What are the characteristics of muscles?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

3. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

4. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

5. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation +
contraction of muscle proteins =
movement and heat
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

6. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

7. Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability - Irritability
The ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

8. Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility
The ability to be stretched
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

9. Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity –
The ability of the muscle to return
to its original length when relaxing.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

10. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
video on how a muscle fiber contracts
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

11. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

12. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Tone
Muscle tone:
muscles always slightly contracted and ready to pull
Atrophy:
a- without
-trophy development
Hypertrophy:
hyper- increased
-trophy development
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

13. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle.
What happened?
Atrophy of unused muscle
How do you explain this to him?
Muscle tone
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

14. Muscle Tone Exercise & Training
What are the advantages of exercise?
Maintain muscle tone, unused muscles atrophy
Are there any disadvantages of exercise?
Excessive exercise can lead to hypertrophy
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

15. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Fatigue
What causes muscle fatigue?
The buildup of lactic acid in the muscle during a period of vigorous exercise
How does the body correct muscle fatigue?
Increased respiration causing more oxygen to the muscles, increased respiration continues until the oxygen debt is paid back. Once the muscle returns to aerobic glucose use, respirations will slow down.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

16. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Fatigue
Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?
Muscle fatigue can be dangerous if it turns in acidosis.
In a trained athlete not so dangerous, it can be dangerous to weekend warrior and leads to very sore and tender muscles
Some individuals are more prone to acidosis, such as a diabetic, and would want to be careful with muscle fatigue.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

17. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Fatigue
Aerobic versus anaerobic exercise.
Aerobic means using oxygen
Anaerobic without oxygen
When exercising you use up a large portion of the oxygen in your body and the glucose in the cells can not be broken down for use fast enough.
So the muscle contracts anaerobically (without oxygen) which causes a buildup of lactic acid in the muscle and blood.
You are now in oxygen debt and will be until the amount of oxygen given to the cells is able to turn lactic acid back to glucose.
Muscle soreness is predominantly from lactic acid.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

18. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

19. 1.05 Understand the functions of the muscular system

20. 1.05 Understand the functions of the muscular system
What are the functions of the muscular system?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

21. Functions of the Muscular System
What are the functions of the muscular system?
Movement
Form and shape
Body heat to maintain body temperature
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

22. Movement: Skeletal Muscle
Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement.
The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

23. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Movement
Mechanism of skeletal muscle movement:
Point of origin
Part of skeletal muscle that is attached to a fixed structure or bone. It moves the least during muscle contraction
Point of insertion
Is the other end of muscle, which attached to a movable part, it is the part that moves the most
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

24. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Movement
Prime mover
produces movement in a single direction
Biceps brachii
Antagonist
produces movement in the opposite direction
tricep
Synergists
a muscle that helps to stabilize a movement or joint
brachialis
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

25. Movement: Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

26. Movement: Circulatory System Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

27. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Posture
How does the muscular system effect posture?
Muscles not being used
can cause some muscles
to tighten and some to get
weak and the muscle then
becomes longer which
causes bad posture.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

28. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Body Heat
What is the body’s response to cold? Why?
When you get cold your brain sends signals to your muscles that make them tense up. When the muscles in your skin that are attached to hairs do this, they make the hairs stand up and pull your skin up just a bit, creating goose bumps.
How is this response helpful?
Muscles begin to create heat
How does the body respond to exercise? Why?
Muscles produce heat, and body produces perspiration when needed to cool the muscles down.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

29. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
video on muscle contraction: antagonist/synergists
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

30. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

31. 1.05 Understand the disorders of the muscular system

32. 1.05 Understand the disorders of the muscular system
What are common disorders of the muscular system?
How are muscular disorders treated?
How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

33. Myo- muscle -pathy Disease or condition
Myopathy
Myo-
muscle
-pathy
Disease or condition
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

34. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia
Cause - unknown
Symptoms – chronic muscle pain that lasts 3-4 months in certain muscle points. Headache, fatigue, feelings of numbness, pain in the joints, mostly found in women.
Diagnosis – a blood test called a FM/A identifies blood cell markers produced by immune system
Treatment - focus on pain relief, stretching, regular excise, enough sleep, massage therapy, chiropractic
procedures, relaxation techniques
Prognosis- chronic long term disorder,
controlling systems is the best that can be done.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

35. Hernia Causes – Locations - Symptoms – occurs when an organ protrudes
through a weak muscle
Locations -
abdominal hernia - organ (sm. Intestine) protrudes
through abdominal muscle wall
inguinal hernia - organ (sm. Intestine) protrudes
through groin muscles
hiatal hernia - stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm
Symptoms –
abdominal = pain, swelling,
inguinal - soft lump in groin, pain, swelling
hiatal - burning in stomach with possible vomiting

36. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Hernia
Diagnosis
self diagnose or doctor
Treatment
Organ goes back through the muscle wall on it’s own
Doctor can push it back into the right place
Surgery to put back into place and repair muscle
Prevention
Not smoking and avoid persistent cough
Maintain healthy body weight
Avoid straining during bowel movement
Do not lift weights or objects too heavy for you,
lift with knees not back
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

37. Muscle Spasms or Cramp is a sustained muscle contraction (Involuntary hypertonicity)
Causes
possible overuse of muscle or electrolyte abnormalities
Locations
calf, trapezius, chest wall, latissimus dorsi, legs toes
Symptoms
quick painful cramping of muscle and leaves quickly
Diagnosis
self diagnose, bad enough see a doctor
Treatment
stretching, exercising, medication, massage

38. Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
MD is a group of diseases in which the muscle cells deteriorate.
Cause
– genetic defect
Symptoms
- weakness of the muscles, falling, waddling gait, difficulty getting up from a lying or sitting position
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

39. Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Diagnosis
Genetic testing, muscle biopsies,
blood tests, exercise assessments
Treatment
Physical therapy, respiratory therapy, speech therapy, drug therapy, possible surgery
Prognosis
Depending on the type of MS some live to in their 20’s
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

40. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Myasthenia Gravis
Grave muscle weakness occurs when the connection between the nerves and muscle is lost.
Cause: it is autoimmune
Symptoms
droopy eyelids, double vision,
difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Diagnosis
blood test for the abnormal antibodies
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

41. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Myasthenia Gravis
Treatment
medications
thymectomy
plasmapheresis
Prognosis
Symptoms of myasthenia gravis usually progress to maximum severity within 3 years. After 3 years, patients usually stabilize or improve. Infants with transient neonatal MG may develop acute respiratory failure with a few weeks after bireth
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

42. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Strain
What happened here?
Tearing and straining
of the muscle causing
injury and bleeding
in the muscle
What symptoms is this man having? Why?
Pain
Swelling
Depending on strain, inability to use muscle
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

43. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Strain
How will he treat them?
R.I.C.E.
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
What is his prognosis?
With treatment muscle should repair without difficulty
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

44. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Tendonitis
Inflammation of the tendon
Cause
It can be a sudden injury, but it is most likely
to come from the repetition of a particular
movement over time.
Symptoms
Pain and tenderness along
a tendon, usually
near a joint
Pain at night
Pain that is worse with movement or activity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

45. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Tendonitis
Diagnosis
Physical exam to look for signs of pain and tenderness when the muscle attached to the tendon is used against resistance
Treatment
Goal is pain relief
Rest or immobilization of the affected tendons with splint or brace
Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory medications (aspirin or ibuprofen)
Physical therapy
Prognosis
Symptoms improve with treatment and rest.
If injury is from overuse, change work habits to prevent recurrence.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

46. Tetanus
Cause
infection of the nervous system with the potentially deadly bacteria Clostridium tetani
Symptoms
Mild spasms in the jaw muscles
(lockjaw)
Chest and neck spasms
Back spasms that often cause
arching of the back
Can affect muscles that help with
breathing which can lead to breathing problems
Diagnosis
Physical exam and ask about your medical history - vaccination

47. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Tetanus
Treatment
Antibiotics
Bed rest with a non stimulating environment
Medicine to reverse the poison
Muscle relaxers
Sedatives
Surgery
Prognosis
Without treatment you can die
With treatment less than 10% of infected people die
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

48. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
What are the characteristics of muscles?
What are the functions of the muscular system?
What are common disorders of the muscular system?
How are muscular disorders treated?
How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system