1. Paleolithic Era

2. But First!
A Song!

3. Chinese Dynasties Song (Sung to Frere Jacques)

4. Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
Sui, Tang, Song

5. Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic
Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong

6. Zhou = joe
Sui = sway
x = sh (Xiaoping)
q = ch (Qin & Qing = Chin & Ching)

7. Time:
B.C.E = Before (the) Common Era
C.E. = Common Era
Prehistory (Prehistoric era)
Paleolithic – “Old Stone Age”
Paleo – “old”/Lithic – “stone”

8. Paleolithic Society Hunting & Gathering Men = Hunters
Social Class?
Men = Hunters
Women & Children = gatherers
Usually accounted for more calories
Nomadic Cycles – wandering or a plan?

9. Paleolithic Groups Non-Nomadic Natufian – 13,500 B.C.E
Modern day Israel and Lebanon
Jomon – 10,000 to 300 B.C.E.
Modern central Japan
Chinook – 3,000 B.C.E.
Pacific Northwest – Washington, Oregon, British Columbia

10. Atlatl

11. Cave Paintings
Lascaux in France
Altamira in Spain

13. Venus Figurines
Fertility
“Meaning of Life” questions

14. Your Task
What are the characteristics of the Paleolithic Age? The Neolithic Age?
What is the Agricultural Revolution (Transition)?
What were the major causes/reasons for the end of the Paleolithic and the beginning of the Neolithic?

15. Early Civilizations

16. Bronze Age Early Metallurgy: Copper + tin = Bronze
First use? Mesopotamia circa BCE
By BCE Mesopotamia had developed iron weapons/tools
Iron diffused throughout SW Asia
Why?

17. Mesopotamia Tigris & Euphrates
Tech: Irrigation -> increased food supply -> population increase
City-State: Sumer (5000 BCE)
“First” Cities: Ur and Babylon
Historic breakthrough: First writing system –
Sumerian cuneiform

18. Polytheistic
Ziggurats
Sumer was largest city-state – organized to maintain peace and stability
Large public-works projects:
Canals, bridges, & irrigation

19. Model of a Ziggurat

20. Ziggurat in Iraq

21. Sumerian Cuneiform

22. Cuneiform Tablet

25. Mohenjo-Daro

26. Mohenjo-Daro Dancing Girl

28. Sanskrit

31. Egyptian Hieroglyphs

32. Rosetta Stone

33. Temple of Karnak

34. Aten Sun Disc

35. Terracota Soldier

36. Prehistoric Sites of Anatolia

37. Olmec Head Statues

38. Lion Gate of Mycenae

40. Minoan “Snake Woman” & Fisherman

41. Minoan Vase Art

42. Silk Roads

43. The Assyrian Question

44. Why have historians called the Assyrian Empire of the first millennium B.C.E. the first true empire?
How were the Assyrians able to conquer and control such a large and diverse empire?

46. First “True” Empire Diverse population Large land area Expansion
- Self-defense
- Trade
- Resources

47. Imperial Core & Periphery
Emergence of Capitals

48. How?
Military & Technology
Land distribution (Land grants, Theme System, “Fight for land”)
Diverse military
Technology – IRON!

49. Bureaucracy
Terror
Mass Deportations

50. PERSIAN EGYPT (example)
(P) – Politics
(E) – Economics
(R) – Religion
(S) – Society
(I) – Intellect
(A) – Arts & Architecture
(NG) – Near Geography
Got it? Follow along!

51. Egypt – 1 of 4 River Valley civilizations
Based on the Nile (NG)
Flooding (NG)
Small towns – occasional Mas projects (pyramids) (A)
Three Kingdoms – Old, Middle, New (P)
New Kingdom – height in 1400BCE (P)
Nile to lower Turkey (P, NG)

52. Old Kingdom – Menes I (King Menes) (P)
Memphis (P, NG)
Unified Egypt = wealthy Egypt (P, E)
Leader = Pharaoh – divine right/son of the gods (P, R)
Public works – pyramids (tombs), obelisks, irrigation & canals (R, A)

53. Writing – hieroglyphs (spiritual writings) (R, I, A)
Led to:
Religious writing, record keeping, and early science:
Astronomy = calendar (I)
Trade (E)

54. Akhenaten (Pharaoh Amenhotep IV – 1353-1335 BCE) (P, R)
Monotheism – Aten (previously poly – Amon-Re)
Capital city – Akhetaten (“Horizons of Aten”)
Monotheism ended with his death (R)

55. Trade goods: timber, stone (marble), gold and spices (E)
Religion – polytheistic (R)
Afterlife (R)
Mummification (R)
Pyramids = tombs (R, A)

56. Women (S)
Enjoyed high status, buy, sell, & inherit property. (S)
Give or “will” property (S)
Divorce for special circumstances (S)
Main role: birth (S)
Boys more educated than girls (S)
Queen Hatshepsut – expanded trade (P, E, S)

57. Social Structure

58. Lowest – peasants & slaves (S)
Worked fields and projects (S, E, A)
Half of labor to pharaoh (E, S)
Slavery – heredity (S)

59. Nubian Influence - agriculture
Nubia south of Egypt (modern day Sudan) (NG)
Heavy reliance on agriculture (E)
- Irrigation (I)
More food = more population (E)
Canals, dykes, crop rotations (E, I)

60. Nubia/Egypt relations – trade (E)
Gold, ivory, ivory, & Precious stones (S, E)
Tensions between (P, E)
Nubia creates kingdom of Kush (capital of Kerma) (P, E)

61. Fall & Decline 1100 BCE – decline – why? Invasions: (P)
Hyksos (Bronze, chariots/horse)
Assyrians
Persians
Greeks
Rome

62. Task:
Describe the Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt
Describe the Rise and Fall of (Insert Empire here)

63. West Africa (NG)
River Valley civilizations? -> Niger and Benue river valleys (NG)
Mass migrations – Bantu (P, NG)
South & Eastern migrations (NG)
Why – climate issues?
Sahara

64. Bantu language (I)
1500 BCE – next 2000 years
Moved into nomadic areas (Nomads settled)
Upper-Niger region – Jenne-Jeno (NG, A)
1st African city?
Jenne-Jeno – how is it different than other cultures?

66. Gender Issues in Unit I Child-birth and nurturing of children
Paleolithic Women
Neolithic Women
Child-birth and nurturing of children
Gathered food – berries, nuts, edible plants
Most of Paleolithic man’s diet was from gathering
Socialization/1st teachers
Religious figures
Child-birth and nurturing of children
Worked farms
Family size increased due to farming
“Role” was established
Socialization/1st teachers
Religious figures