1. Agenda 11/6/09
Go over section 3.3 (homework returned to you on Wednesday)

2. Part 1 - Immigration
By 1900 more than half of all immigrants in the US were eastern and southern Europeans
Many of the immigrants moved to avoid forced military service. Others, like the Jews living in Poland and Russia, fled to avoid religious persecution.
Most immigrants booked passage in steerage, the cheapest accommodations on a steam ship, and they disembarked at Ellis Island, a tiny island in New York Harbor.

3. Immigrants on a ship to Ellis Island

4. Waiting to be processed at Ellis Island

5. Part 1 - Immigration
How well immigrants adjusted depended partly on how quickly they learned English and adapted to American Culture.
The 1848 discovery of gold in California began to lure Chinese immigrants to the United States
The Taiping Rebellion in China took 20 million lives and caused such suffering that thousands of Chinese left for the United States.

6. Part 1 - Immigration
These waves of immigration led to increased feelings of nativism, which is a preference for native-born people and a desire to limit immigration.
Now turn your paper over as we discuss
questions 1-7 about immigration on the back

7. Part 1 - Immigration
Immigrants often lived in neighborhoods that were often separated into ethnic groups. Groups would recreate their stores, religious houses, newspapers…etc. in the neighborhood.
Example: “Little Italy”
As many as 1 in 3 immigrants returned to Europe because they came to the US simply to make money. They never had intentions of staying permanently.

8. Part 1 - Immigration
Angel Island was the West Coast destination for immigrants. It was designed to house and process Asian immigrants. It is the West Coast version of Ellis Island.

9. Angel Island

10. Part 1 - Immigration
Nativism- preference for native-born people and a desire to limit immigration.
Two reasons nativists were opposed to immigration:
A fear that Catholic immigrants would flood the US and the Catholic Church would have too much power in the US government
Immigrants worked for lower wages or would break strike lines to work and this would undermine American-born workers.

11. Part 1 - Immigration The federal immigration law passed in 1882:
Banned convicts, paupers (very poor) & mentally disabled from entering the country
Wanted immigrants who would contribute to society
Placed a .50 cent tax on each newcomer

12. Part 1 - Immigration Chinese Exclusion Act (1882):
Barred Chinese immigration for 10 years
Prevented Chinese already in US from becoming citizens
Was renewed in 1892
Was made permanent in 1902
Was not repealed until 1943

13. Part 1 - Immigration
This act was successful. The population of Chinese in the United States dropped from 105,000 to 75,000 in a ten year period

14. Part 2 - Urbanization Now turn your paper back over as we
discuss #8-15 regarding urbanization
In 1840 the United States had only 131 cities; by 1900 that number had risen to over 1700.
Lacking money and education, most immigrants remained in the cities.

15. Part 2 - Urbanization
Many rural Americans moved to the cities for better paying jobs. The cities had much to offer – for example:
Bright lights, running water, modern plumbing, museums, libraries and theatres
New approaches to housing and transportation were developed because millions of people were now moving to the cities.

16. Now turn your paper back over as we discuss questions 8.
Part 2 - Urbanization
Now turn your paper back over as we discuss questions 8.
Examples of new approaches to housing and transportation due to urbanization:
Housing: skyscrapers (build up), tenements
Transportation: horse cars, cable cars, electric trolley cars, elevated railroad, subways

20. Examples of new approaches to housing due to urbanization
Skyscrapers

21. Examples of new approaches to transportation due to urbanization
Elevated Trains
Trolley Cars

22. Part 2 – Urbanization Front of Assignment
American industrialization helped create a growing middle class that included doctors, lawyers, engineers, managers and teachers.
Among the problems of cities were various epidemics and contaminated drinking water, caused by improper sewage disposal.

23. Part 2 - Urbanization Back of assignment
A tenement was a dark, crowded multi- family apartment. Many families lived in tenements and some even rented spare rooms in their tenement out to others to earn money.

24. Examples of new approaches to housing due to urbanization
Tenements

27. Part 2 - Urbanization Front of Assignment
In exchange for the votes of new urban residents in city elections, political machines provided basic services such as jobs, housing and police protection.
Many leaders of political machines grew rich as a result of fraud or graft- getting money through dishonest or questionable means.

28. Part 2 - Urbanization
Back of assignment 10. Party (political) bosses, who ran political machines, provided jobs, food, heat, and police protection in exchange for political power (votes).