1. Lecture 21 – Ceramics Prescribed Text:
Ref 1: Higgins RA & Bolton, Materials for Engineers and Technicians, 5th edition, Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN:
Readings:
Callister: Callister, W. Jr. and Rethwisch, D., 2110, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 8th Edition, Wiley, New York. ISBN
Ashby 1: Ashby, M. & Jones, D., 2111, Engineering Materials 1: An Introduction to Properties, Applications and Design, 4th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford UK. IBSN:
Ashby 2: Ashby, M. & Jones, D., 2111, Engineering Materials 2: An Introduction to Microstructures and Processing, 4th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford UK. IBSN:
Lecture (2 hrs):
Ref 1, Ch 1: Engineering materials;
Ref 1 Ch 2: Properties of materials.
Laboratory 1 (2 hrs): Hardness test
Callister: Ch 1, 2, 21-21
Ashby 1: Ch 1, 2
Ashby 2: Ch 1 1

2. Ceramics Reference Text Section
Higgins RA & Bolton, Materials for Engineers and Technicians, 5th ed, Butterworth Heinemann
Ch 21
Reference Text
Section
Callister, W. Jr. and Rethwisch, D., 2110, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 8th Ed, Wiley, New York.
Ch 3 (part)
Engineering Materials and Processes

3. Ceramics (Higgins 21)
• Domestic ceramics, e.g. china, earthenware, stoneware and cement.
• Natural ceramics, e.g. stone.
• Engineering ceramics, e.g. alumina, zirconia, boron nitride, etc. widely used in engineering as furnace components, tool tips and grinding tools.
• Glasses and glass ceramics. Glasses are non-crystalline (amorphous) i.e. they are virtually still in a liquid condition. Glass comprises a range of substances, from boiled sweets to window panes and beer mugs. Glass ceramics are fine-grained polycrystalline materials produced by the controlled crystallisation of glasses.
• Electronic materials, e.g. semiconductors and ferrites.
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

4. 21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2)
Engineering Materials and Processes

5. 21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2)
'Chain' type arrangements
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

6. 21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2)
‘Sheet' type arrangements
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

7. 21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2)
‘Sheet' type arrangements
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

8. 21.3 Asbestos (Higgins 21.3) 21.3.1 Asbestos as a health hazard
Obsolete products containing asbestos
Raw asbestos fibres
Asbestos textiles
Asbestos paper
Asbestos-cement products
Asbestos reinforced and filled plastics materials
Precautions on encountering asbestos
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

9. 21.4 Clay products (Higgins 21.4)
Fireclay
Shaping clay products
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

10. 21.4 Clay products (Higgins 21.4)
Hydroplastic forming
The heat-treatment of clay products
Drying
Firing
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

11. 21.5 Engineering ceramics (Higgins 21.5)
Magnesium oxide
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

12. 21.5 Engineering ceramics (Higgins 21.5)
Aluminium oxide
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

13. 21.5 Engineering ceramics (Higgins 21.5)
Ceramic Si3N4 bearing parts: Wikipedia
Silicon nitride
Sialons
Zirconia
Some other
engineering ceramics
Engineering Materials and Processes

14. 21.6 Properties of ceramics (Higgins 21.6)
Strength
Creep
Hardness
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

15. 21.6 Properties of ceramics (Higgins 21.6)
Refractoriness
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

16. 21.7 Cement (Higgins 21.7) 21.7.1 Cement as an engineering material
Engineering Materials and Processes

17. 21.8 Semiconductors (Higgins 21.8)
Doping
Production of doped silicon chips
Purification of silica
Crystal growth
Slice preparation
Epitaxial growth
Silicon dioxide mask
Doping
Higgins
Engineering Materials and Processes

18. Videos: Engineering Materials and Processes h ttp://www.matweb.com
S how this website on screen. Will be using this later.
Engineering Materials and Processes 18

19. Resources. Wikipedia: Ceramic Materials
h ttp://
S how this website on screen. Will be using this later.
Engineering Materials and Processes 19

20. Glossary Compounding Doping Refractoriness Crystalline Glass
Engineering Materials and Processes

21. Define all glossary terms
QUESTIONS
Higgins Ch21
Define all glossary terms
According to the engineering definition, what is the difference between ceramic and glass?
What distinguishes a ceramic material from a metal?
List 3 examples in each class of ceramics: Domestic ceramics, Natural ceramics, Engineering ceramics, Glasses and glass ceramics, Electronic materials.
Explain slip casting. What is the names of the equivalent method using polymers?
Outline the main properties of ceramics that have advantage over metals. What are their main drawbacks – compared to metals? Consider: Strength, toughness, stiffness, density, refractoriness, ductility, hardness.
Research on ceramic engines began decades ago. Why use ceramic? What are the problems?
Explain the essential differences in properties and behaviour under load between metallic crystals and ionically bonded ceramic crystals.
Describe three processes by which ceramic materials may be shaped prior to firing or sintering.
Engineering Materials and Processes 21