1. LAB 1
URINALYSIS
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2. Objectives 1) Know the normal constituents of urine.
2) Identify and understand the significance of abnormal urine components.
3) Define specific gravity and understand the meaning of too high or too low urine specific gravity.
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3. The composition of urine reveals much about body function.
Metabolic waste products such as carbon dioxide, urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium chloride, and ammonia are normally present.
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4. Natural Components of the urine
Consists of urine in general of the contents of organic and other non- organic in the form of an aqueous solution.
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5. 1- non-organic ingredients:
Water- salt- sulfur- chlorine- phosphorus and co2 in the form of bicarbonate and sodium- potassium- calcium- magnesium- iodine- copper and iron.
2- organic ingredients:
Urea - creatine - ammonia - uric acid.
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6. Abnormal Components of the urine
Protein
sugar
Acetone bodies
Pigments
Bile salts
Fat
Epithelial cells
Haswa in the urine
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7. physical properties of the normal urine
A-Color
The color of normal urine is due to a pigment called urochrome, which is the end-product of hemoglobin breakdown.
Hemoglobin--->Hematin--->Bilirubin--->Urochrome--->Urochromogen
B-Transparency (cloudiness or turbidity)
A fresh sample of normal urine should be transparent.
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8. C. Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH).
The normal range is between 4.8 and 7.5.
D. Protein.
The large size of protein molecules normally prevents their presence in urine.
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9. Ketones and Hemoglobin are no found in normal urine.
E. Glucose.
Only a small amount of glucose is normally present in urine (0.01 to 0.03 g/100 ml of urine).
F. Ketones.
G. Hemoglobin
Ketones and Hemoglobin are no found in normal urine.
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10. H. Specific Gravity .
The specific gravity of a 24-hour sample of normal urine will be between and
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