1. Processing Materials
Chapter 8

2. Processing materials
MEANS
changing their form.

3. Types of Industrial Materials
Wood- hardwood, softwood, plywood and particle board
Metal- alloys (combinations of metal), ferrous and nonferrous ( with and without a large portion of iron.
Ceramics-kiln, glaze, glass is ceramic.
Plastic- made of chains of polymers

4. Basic Processing Forming- changing shape without cutting.
Separating- removing part by cutting or grinding (or other method).
Combining- joining two materials.
Conditioning- changing internal properties.

5. Casting: Pressing: Made from a mold. Can be a one or two piece mold.
FORMING
Made from a mold.
Can be a one or two piece mold.
Examples: cake pan, ceramic mold, footprint
Pressing is like casting.
Uses harder materials and a method of forcing the material into the mold.
Example: hamburger mold
Pressing:

6. Forging: Extruding: Heating a metal object and hammering into shape.
FORMING
Forging:
Heating a metal object and hammering into shape.
Example- horseshoes, car rims
Softened material is squeezed through an shaped opening and forms to that shape.
Example- pasta maker, shaped rods
Extruding:

7. Shearing: Sawing: Using a knife-like blade to separate or cut.
SEPERATING
Shearing:
Using a knife-like blade to separate or cut.
Example- scissors
Separating with a blade that has teeth
Ripping- cutting along the grain
Crosscutting- cutting across the grain
Exmple- hacksaw, table saw
Sawing:

8. SEPERATING
Drilling:
Turning a pointed tool with a sharp end very quickly.
Example- electric drill, hand drill
Using abrasives to rub against and cut away tiny pieces of a material
Example- sanders, grinders
Grinding:

9. Shaping: Turning: Changes the shape of a material.
SEPERATING
Shaping:
Changes the shape of a material.
Example- chisels, planes
Work piece is spun using a lathe and material is removed as it turns.
Example- candlesticks, bedposts
Turning:

10. Mechanical Fastening:
COMBINING
Mechanical Fastening:
Nails, screws, rivets can be used to attach things together.
Example- buildings, lamps
Soft soldering- uses heat and soft solder
Hard soldering- uses heat and hard solder
Welding- high heat fuses metals, using a welding torch
Heat Fastening:

11. Gluing: Coating Materials: Glue makes use of chemical properties.
COMBINING
Gluing:
Glue makes use of chemical properties.
Examples- Super Glue, epoxy hot glue
Coating the outside of a product to protect or beautify it.
Examples- paint, wax, electroplating
Coating Materials:

12. Composite Materials: COMBINING
Combining two or more products together to strengthen or otherwise improve a material.
Example- adding straw to bricks, adding pebbles to cement

13. Changes Internal Properties:
CONDITIONING
Changes Internal Properties:
Magnetize- makes molecules line up in one direction.
Heat-treat- heating steel fast and cooling quickly, makes it harder.
Temper- heating steel again (not as hot) and cooling quickly, makes it less brittle.
Mechanical Conditioning- firing clay, hammering metal (makes things harder without chemical change).
Chemical Conditioning- mixing plaster and water creates a chemical change that makes it get hard.

14. Computers: Can be used to control the processing of materials.
Computerized laser cutting, microwave oven

15. Mechanical Properties:
Choosing materials is based on their characteristics or properties.
Ductile- can bend without breaking.
Brittle- cannot be bent or changed without breaking.
Elastic- can bend and then return to the original shape.
Plasticity- can bend and stay bent.
Mechanical Properties:

16. Mechanical Properties:
Tension- force that pulls on a material.
Compression- opposite of tension (presses inward).
Torsion- twisting (actual force is called torque).
Shear- acts like scissors, causes parts to move in opposite directions.
Toughness- ability to absorb energy without breaking.
Hardness- resist scratching or denting.