1. Excel FACT Function

2. Excel FACT Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Find the factorial of a number
Return value 
The factorial of a number
Syntax 
=FACT (number)
Arguments 
number - The number to get the factorial of.
Usage notes 
The number cannot be negative.
If the number is not an integer it will be truncated and then solved.

3. Excel FLOOR Function

4. Excel FLOOR Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Round a number down to the nearest specified multiple
Return value 
A rounded number.
Syntax 
=FLOOR (number, multiple)
Arguments 
number - The number that should be rounded.
multiple - The multiple to use when rounding.
Usage notes 
FLOOR works like the MROUND function, but FLOOR always rounds down toward zero.
The FLOOR function can be a good way to can be a good way to set pricing after currency conversion, discounts, etc.

5. Excel FLOOR Function

6. Excel GCD Function

7. Excel GCD Function Purpose
Get the greatest common divisor of two or more numbers
Return value 
A number representing the largest positive integer that divides the numbers without a remainder
Syntax 
=GCD (number1, [number2], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - The first number.
number2 - [optional] The second number.

8. Excel GCD Function Usage notes
Use the GCD function to get the greatest common divisor of two or more integers. The greatest common divisor is the largest positive integer that divides the numbers without a remainder. For example, The formula =GCD(60,36) returns the number 12, since 12 is the largest factor that goes into both numbers evenly.
The GCD function can accept up to 255 numbers as arguments.

9. Excel INT Function

10. Excel INT Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the integer part of a decimal by rounding down
Return value 
The integer part of the number after rounding down
Syntax 
=INT (number)
Arguments 
number - The number from which you want an integer.

11. Excel INT Function Usage notes
Use the INT function when you want only the integer part of a decimal number, and it's ok to always round the number down. For example, INT (3.99) returns the number 3.
It's important to note that INT actually rounds down numbers to the next lowest integer value.
So, while INT (10.8) = 10, INT(-10.8) = -11.
Use the TRUNC function if you want the exact integer part of both negative and positive numbers.

12. Excel LCM Function

13. Excel LCM Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the least common multiple or two or more numbers
Return value 
A number that represents the least common multiple of all numbers
Syntax 
=LCM (number1, [number2], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - The first number.
number2 - [optional] The second number.

14. Excel LCM Function Usage notes
Use the LCM function when you want to calculate the least common multiple of integers. The least common multiple is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of all of the numbers supplied as arguments. A common use of the LCM function is to add fractions that have different denominators.
For example, =LCM(3,4) returns 12, since 12 is the smallest multiple of both 3 and 4. However, =LCM(3,4,5) returns 60, since 60 is the smallest multiple of all three numbers.

15. Excel LOG Function

16. Excel LOG Function Purpose Get the logarithm of a number Return value
Syntax 
=LOG (number, [base])
Arguments 
number - Number for which you want the logarithm.
base - [optional] Base of the logarithm. Defaults to 10.
Usage notes 
The LOG function allows you to get the logarithm of a number with a specified base.

17. Excel LOG Function

18. Excel LOG10 Function

19. Excel LOG10 Function Purpose Get the base-10 logarithm of a number
Return value 
The logarithm
Syntax 
=LOG10 (number)
Arguments 
number - Number for which you want the logarithm.
Usage notes 
The LOG function allows you to get the base-10 logarithm of a number with a specified base.

20. Excel LOG10 Function

21. Excel MOD Function

22. Excel MOD Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the remainder from division
Return value 
The remainder
Syntax 
=MOD (number, divisor)
Arguments 
number - The number to be divided.
divisor - The number to divide with.

23. Excel MOD Function Usage notes Notes:
Use the MOD function to get the reminder after division. For Example, MOD(3,2) returns 1, because 2 goes into 3 once, with a remainder of 1.
Notes:
MOD always returns a result in the same sign as the divisor.
MOD will return a #DIV/0! error if the divisor

24. Excel MOD Function

25. Excel MROUND Function

26. Excel MROUND Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Round a number to the nearest specified multiple
Return value 
A rounded number.
Syntax 
=MROUND (number, multiple)
Arguments 
number - The number that should be rounded.
multiple - The multiple to use when rounding.
Usage notes 
MROUND rounds up, away from zero.
The rounding occurs when the remainder left from dividing number by multiple is greater than or equal to half the value of multiple.

27. Excel MROUND Function

28. Excel ODD Function

29. Excel ODD Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Round a number up to the next odd integer
Return value 
A rounded number.
Syntax 
=ODD (number)
Arguments 
number - The number to round up to an odd integer.
Usage notes 
The ODD function always rounds up to the next odd integer, skipping even integers along the way.
Negative numbers are rounded "up", away from zero, so they actually become more negative.

30. Excel ODD Function

31. Excel PI Function

32. Excel PI Function Purpose Return value Syntax Usage notes
Get the value of π
Return value 
Syntax 
=PI ()
Usage notes 
The return value, , is accurate to 15 digits.

33. Excel RADIANS Function

34. Excel RADIANS Function
Purpose 
Converts an angle into radians
Return value 
Radians
Syntax 
=RADIANS (angle)
Arguments 
angle - Angle in degrees that you want to convert to radians.
Usage notes 
The RADIANS function takes an angle in degrees and converts it to radians.

35. Excel RAND Function

36. Excel RAND Function Purpose Return value Syntax Usage notes
Get a random number between 0 and 1
Return value 
A number between 1 and 0
Syntax 
=RAND ()
Usage notes 
Use the RAND function to get a random number between 0 and 1. For example, =RAND() will generate a number like
RAND calculates a new value each time the worksheet is calculated.

37. Excel RAND Function
To stop random numbers from being updated, copy the cells that contain RAND to the clipboard, then use Paste Special > Values to convert to text.
To get a random number that doesn't change when the worksheet is calculated, enter =RAND() in the formulas bar and then press F9 to convert the formula into its result.
To generate a set of random numbers in multiple cells, select the cells, enter RAND() and press control + enter.
To generate a random number between a and b, use this formula: RAND() * (b - a) + a

38. Excel RANDBETWEEN Function

39. Excel RANDBETWEEN Function
Purpose 
Get a random integer between two values
Return value 
An integer
Syntax 
=RANDBETWEEN (bottom, top)
Arguments 
bottom - An integer representing the lower value of the range.
top - An integer representing the lower value of the range.
Usage notes 
Use the RANDBETWEEN function to get a random integer between bottom and top. For example, =RANDBETWEEN(1,50) might generate the number 28

40. Excel RANDBETWEEN Function
RANDBETWEEN calculates a new value each time the worksheet is calculated. To stop random numbers from being updated, copy the cells that contain RANDBETWEEN to the clipboard, then use Paste Special > Values to convert to text.
To generate a set of random integers in multiple cells, select the cells, enter the RANDBETWEEN function, and press control + enter.
To get a random number that doesn't change when the worksheet is calculated, enter RANDBETWEEN in the formulas bar and then press F9 to convert the formula into its result.

41. Excel ROUND Function

42. Excel ROUND Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Round a number to a given number of digits
Return value 
A rounded number.
Syntax 
=ROUND (number, num_digits)
Arguments 
number - The number to round.
num_digits - The number of digits to which number should be rounded.

43. Excel ROUND Function Usage notes
Round works by rounding numbers 1-4 down, and rounding numbers 5-9 up.
The ROUND function rounds numbers to a specified level of precision. It can round to the right or left of the decimal point.
If num_digits > 0,  number is rounded to the specified number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point.
If num_digits < 0,  number is rounded to the left of the decimal point (i.e. to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.).
If num_digits = 0,  number is rounded to the nearest integer.

44. Excel ROUND Function

45. Excel ROUNDDOWN Function

46. Excel ROUNDDOWN Function
Purpose 
Round a number down to a given number of digits
Return value 
A rounded number.
Syntax 
=ROUNDDOWN (number, num_digits)
Arguments 
number - The number to round down.
num_digits - The number of digits to which number should be rounded down.

47. Excel ROUNDDOWN Function
Usage notes 
The ROUNDDOWN function works like the ROUND function except that when rounding, the ROUNDDOWN function will always round the numbers 1-9 down.
The ROUNDDOWN function can round either to the left or right of the decimal point.
If num_digits > 0,  number is rounded down to the specified number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point.
If num_digits < 0,  number is rounded down to the left of the decimal point (i.e. to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.).
If num_digits = 0,  number is rounded down to the nearest integer.

48. Excel ROUNDDOWN Function

49. Excel ROUNDUP Function

50. Excel ROUNDUP Function
Purpose 
Round a number up to a given number of digits
Return value 
A rounded number.
Syntax 
=ROUNDUP (number, num_digits)
Arguments 
number - The number to round up.
num_digits - The number of digits to which number should be rounded up.

51. Excel ROUNDUP Function
Usage notes 
The ROUNDUP function works like the ROUND function except that when rounding, the ROUNDUP function will always round the numbers 1-9 up.
ROUNDUP can round either to the left or right of the decimal point.
If num_digits > 0,  number is rounded up to the specified number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point.
If num_digits < 0,  number is rounded up to the left of the decimal point (i.e. to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.).
If num_digits = 0,  number is rounded up to the nearest integer.

52. Excel ROUNDUP Function

53. Excel SIGN Function

54. Excel SIGN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the sign of a number.
Return value 
One if positive. Negative one if negative. Zero if zero.
Syntax 
=SIGN (number)
Arguments 
number - The number to get the sign of.
Usage notes 
If the number is in the range (-∞,0) SIGN(number) will return -1.
If the number is equal to 0 SIGN(number) will return 0.
If the number is in the range (0,∞)(number) SIGN will return 1.

55. Excel SIN Function

56. Excel SIN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the sine of an angle
Return value 
Sine value
Syntax 
=SIN (number)
Arguments 
number - The angle in radians for which you want the sine.
Usage notes 
To work in degrees rather than radians: SIN(PI()/180) or SIN(RADIANS(number))

57. Excel SQRT Function

58. Excel SQRT Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Find the positive square root of a number
Return value 
Positive square root.
Syntax 
=SQRT (number)
Arguments 
number - The number to get the square root of.
Usage notes 
The SQRT function will return a #NUM error when asked to take the square root of a negative number.

59. Excel SUBTOTAL Function

60. Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Purpose 
Get a subtotal in a list or database
Return value 
A number representing a specific kind of subtotal
Syntax 
=SUBTOTAL (function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...)
Arguments 
function_num - A number that specifies which function to use in calculating subtotals within a list. See table below for full list.
ref1 - A named range or reference to subtotal.
ref2 - [optional] A named range or reference to subtotal.

61. Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Usage notes 
Use the SUBTOTAL function to get a subtotal in a list or database. SUBTOTAL has the ability to use a variety of functions when subtotaling, including AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, and others (see table below for a complete list). In addition, the SUBTOTAL function can either include or exclude values in rows that are not visible.
Notice that the SUBTOTAL function has "paired" settings (i.e. 1/101, 3/103, 9/109, etc.) to change behavior for hidden cells. When function_num is between 1-11, SUBTOTAL includes cells that are hidden. When function_numis between , SUBTOTAL excludes values that are hidden.

62. Excel SUBTOTAL Function
SUBTOTAL always ignores all cells that are hidden by filtering with Autofilter, so all cells that are "filtered out" will not be included in calculations, regardless of thefunction_num that is used.
To create a list with subtotals, you might want to use the Subtotal command in the Outline group on the Data tab in the ribbon. You can then modify the SUBTOTAL function if needed.

63. Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Available values for function_num:
Function
Include hidden
Ignore hidden
AVERAGE 1
101
COUNT 2
102
COUNTA 3
103
MAX 4
104
MIN 5
105
PRODUCT 6
106
STDEV 7
107
STDEVP 8
108
SUM 9
109
VAR 10
110
VARP 11
111

64. Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Notes:
When function_num is between 1-11, SUBTOTAL includes values that are hidden
When function_num is between , SUBTOTAL excludes values that are hidden
In filtered lists, SUBTOTAL always ignores values in hidden rows, regardless of function_num.
SUBTOTAL ignores other subtotals that exist in references are ignored to prevent double-counting
SUBTOTAL is designed to work with vertical data values arranged vertically. In Horizontal ranges, values in hidden columns are always included.

65. Excel SUM Function

66. Excel SUM Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Add numbers together
Return value 
The sum of values supplied.
Syntax 
=SUM (number1, [number2], [number3], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - The first item to sum.
number2 - [optional] The second item to sum.
number3 - [optional] The third item to sum.

67. Excel SUM Function Usage notes
The SUM function sums values supplied as arguments (up to 255 arguments).
Arguments can be supplied as numbers, cell references, ranges, arrays, constants, and the results of other formulas or functions.
For example, SUM(C1:C3) adds all the numbers that are contained in cells C1 through C3, which is equivalent to SUM (C1, C2, C3)

68. Excel SUM Function

69. Excel SUMIF Function

70. Excel SUMIF Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Sum numbers in a range that meet supplied criteria
Return value 
The sum of values supplied.
Syntax 
=SUMIF (range, criteria, [sum_range])
Arguments 
range - The range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against.
criteria - The criteria used to determine which cells to add.
sum_range - [optional] The cells to add together. If sum_range is omitted, the cells in range are added together instead.

71. Excel SUMIF Function Usage notes
When sum_range is omitted, the cells in range will be summed.
Text criteria, or criteria that includes math symbols, must be enclosed in double quotation marks (").
Numeric criteria can be supplied without quotation marks.
The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters.
To find a literal question mark or asterisk, use a tilde (~) in front question mark or asterisk (i.e. ~?, ~*).

72. Excel SUMIF Function

73. Excel SUMIFS Function

74. Excel SUMIFS Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Sum cells that match multiple criteria
Return value 
The sum of the cells that meet all criteria
Syntax 
=SUMIFS (sum_range, range1, criteria1, [range2], [criteria2], ...)
Arguments 
sum_range - The range to be summed.
range1 - The first range to evaulate.
criteria1 - The criteria to use on range1.
range2 - [optional] The second range to evaluate.
criteria2 - [optional] The criteria to use on range2.

75. Excel SUMIFS Function Usage notes
SUMIFS sums cells in a range that match supplied criteria. Unlike the SUMIF function, SUMIFS can apply more than one set of criteria, with more than one range. The first range is the range to be summed. The criteria is supplied in pairs (range/criteria) and only the first pair is required. For each additional criteria, supply an additional range/criteria pair. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed.
Note that the order of arguments is different between the SUMIFS and SUMIF functions. Sum_range is the first argument in SUMIFS, but the thirdargument in SUMIF.

76. Excel SUMIFS Function Notes:
Each additional range must have the same number of rows and columns as the sum_range.
Non-numeric criteria needs to be enclosed in double quotes but numeric criteria does not. For example: 100, "100", ">32", "jim", or A1 (where A1 contains a number).
The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters.
To find a literal question mark or asterisk, use a tilde (~) in front question mark or asterisk (i.e. ~?, ~*).

77. Excel SUMIFS Function

78. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function

79. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
Purpose 
Multiply, then sum arrays
Return value 
The result of multiplied and summed arrays
Syntax 
=SUMPRODUCT (array1, [array2], ...)
Arguments 
array1 - The first array or range to multiply, then add.
array2 - [optional] The second array or range to multiply, then add.

80. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
Usage notes 
The SUMPRODUCT function works with arrays, but it doesn't require the normal array syntax (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) to enter. The purpose of the SUMPRODUCT function is to multiply, then sum, arrays. If only one array is supplied, SUMPRODUCT will simply sum the items in the array. Up to 30 arrays can be supplied.
When you first encounter SUMPRODUCT, it may seem boring, complex, and even pointless. But SUMPRODUCT is an amazingly versatile function with many uses. Because it will handle arrays gracefully and without complaint, you can use it to process ranges of cells in clever, elegant ways (see links to formula examples on this page).
To illustrate how SUMPRODUCT works, here are a few common examples.

81. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
SUMPRODUCT for conditional sums and counts
Assume you have some order data in A2:B6, with State in column A, Sales in column B:
Using SUMPRODUCT, you can count total sales for Texas ("TX") with this formula:
=SUMPRODUCT(--(A2:A6="TX"))
And you can sum total sales to Texas ("TX") with the this formula:
=SUMPRODUCT(--(A2:A6="TX"),B2:B6)
Note: Don't be confused by the double-negative. This is a common trick used in more advanced Excel formulas to coerce TRUE and FALSE values into 1's and 0's. See more below... A B 1
State
Sales 2 UT 75 3 CO
100 4 TX
125 5 6
150

82. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
array1
array2
FALSE 75
100
TRUE
125
150
For the sum example above, here is a virtual representation of the two arrays as first processed by SUMPRODUCT:
Each array has 5 items. The first array contains the TRUE / FALSE values that result from the expression A2:A6="TX", and the second array is the contents of B2:B6.   Each item in the first array will be multiplied by the corresponding item in the second array. However,  in the current state, the result of SUMPRODUCT will be zero because the TRUE and FALSE values will be treated as zero.  We need the items in array1 to be numeric — they need to be "coerced" into ones and zeros. This is where the double-negative comes in.

83. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
By using the double negative -- (double unary, for you technical types) we are able to coerce the TRUE/FALSE into the numeric values one and zero, as shown in the virtual representation below. The last column "Product" represents the result of multiplying the two arrays together. The summed result, 275, is the value that SUMPRODUCT returns.
Using the curly brace syntax for arrays, the example looks like this after coercion:
=SUMPRODUCT({0,0,1,0,1},{75,100,125,125,150})
and like this after multiplication:
=SUMPRODUCT({0,0,125,0,150})
array1
array2
Product * 75 =
100 1
125
150
Sum
275

84. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
SUMPRODUCT with other functions
SUMPRODUCT can use other functions directly. You might see SUMPRODUCT used with the LEN function to count total characters in a range, or with functions like ISBLANK, ISTEXT, etc. These are not normally array functions, but when they are given a range, they create a "result array". Because SUMPRODUCT is built to work with arrays, it is able to perform calculations on the arrays directly. This can be a good way to save space in a worksheet, by eliminating the need for a "helper" column.
For example, assume you have 10 different text values in A1:A10 and you want to count the total characters for all 10 values. You could add a helper column in column B that uses this formula: LEN(A1) to calculate the characters in each cell. Then you could use SUM to add up all 10 numbers.

85. Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
However, using SUMPRODUCT, you can write a formula like this: =SUMPRODUCT(LEN(A1:A10))
When used with a range like A1:A10, LEN will return an array of 10 values. Then SUMPRODUCT will simply sum all values and return the result, with no helper column needed.
See examples below many other ways to use SUMPRODUCT.
Notes:
SUMPRODUCT treats non-numeric items in arrays as zeros.
Array arguments must be the same size. Otherwise, SUMPRODUCT will generate a #VALUE! error value.
Logical tests inside arrays will create TRUE and FALSE values. In most cases, you'll want to coerce these to 1's and 0's.
SUMPRODUCT can often use the result of other functions directly (see formula examples below)

86. Excel TAN Function

87. Excel TAN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the tangent of an angle.
Return value 
The tangent value.
Syntax 
=TAN (number)
Arguments 
number - The angle in radians for which you want the tangent.
Usage notes 
To work in degrees rather than radians: TAN(PI()/180) or TAN(RADIANS(number))

88. Excel TRUNC Function

89. Excel TRUNC Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Truncate a number to a given precision
Return value 
A truncated number
Syntax 
=TRUNC (number, [num_digits])
Arguments 
number - The number to truncate.
num_digits - [optional] The precision of the truncation (default is 0).

90. Excel TRUNC Function Usage notes
Use the TRUNC function to remove the fractional part of a number and return just the integer. For example, TRUNC(4.9) will return 4, and TRUNC(-3.5) will return -3. TRUNC does not do any rounding, it simply returns the integer part of the number.
TRUNC can also be used to return a set number of decimal places without rounding, using the num_digits argument. For example, TRUNC (PI(), 2) will return 3.14 and TRUNC (PI(), 3) will return

91. Excel TRUNC Function
Note; TRUNC and INT are similar functions because they both can return the integer part of a number. However, TRUNC simply truncates a number, while INT actually rounds a number down to an integer. With positive numbers, and when TRUNC is using the default of 0 for num_digits,  both functions return the same results. With negative numbers, the results can be different. INT(-3.1) returns -4, because INT rounds down to the lower integer. TRUNC(-3.1) returns -3.
If you simply want the integer part of a number, you should use TRUNC.

92. Excel AVERAGE Function

93. Excel AVERAGE Function
Purpose 
Get the average of a group of numbers
Return value 
A number representing the average.
Syntax 
=AVERAGE (number1, [number2], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values.
number2 - [optional] A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values.

94. Excel AVERAGE Function
Usage notes 
The AVERAGE function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of a group of supplied numbers. To calculate the average, Excel adds the numbers together and divides by the total number of numbers. For example, AVERAGE (2,4,6) returns 4.
Numbers can be supplied as numbers, ranges, named ranges, or cell references that contain numeric values. Up to 255 numbers can be supplied.
Note: the AVERAGE function will automatically ignore empty cells.

95. Excel AVERAGE Function

96. Excel AVERAGEA Function

97. Excel AVERAGEA Function
Purpose 
Get the average of a group of numbers and text
Return value 
A number representing the average.
Syntax 
=AVERAGEA (value1, [value2], ...)
Arguments 
value1 - A value or reference to a value that can be evaluated as a number.
value2 - [optional] A value or reference to a value that can be evaluated as a number.
Usage notes 
The AVERAGEA function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of a group of supplied values.

98. Excel AVERAGEA Function
The key difference between AVERAGEA and AVERAGE is that AVERAGEA will also evaluate the logical values TRUE and FALSE, and numbers represented as text, whereas AVERAGE just skips these values during calculation.
For example, AVERAGE (2,4,6,8) returns 5, and AVERAGE ("2",TRUE,6,8) returns 7. AVERAGEA ("2",TRUE,6,8) returns 3.75 (17/4).
Values can be supplied as numbers, ranges, named ranges, or cell references that contain values. Up to 255 arguments (called "values" in this case) can be supplied.
To calculate the average, Excel adds the numeric value of each value together and divides by the total number of values supplied.
AVERAGEA evaluates TRUE as 1 and FALSE as zero.