1. BALANCE SHEET STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION KEY CONCEPTS
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNER EQUITY
ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ARE CLASSIFIED AS EITHER CURRENT OR NON-CURRENT

2. COST BASIS VALUES FOR ASSETS ARE NEEDED TO CORRECTLY DETERMINE ACCRUAL NET INCOME AND EARNED OWNER EQUITY
CERTAIN LIABILITIES ACCRUE AND EXIST ON THE DATE OF THE BALANCE SHEET EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE NOT DUE OR PAYABLE ON THAT DATE
NON-CURRENT DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY ONLY AFFECTS THE MARKET BASED NET WORTH

3. ASSETS ASSETS INCLUDE EVERYTHING OWNED THAT HAS VALUE
REPRESENTS THE TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTED IN THE BUSINESS

4. ASSETS CURRENT: NON-CURRENT: MOST LIQUID CASH OR NEAR-CASH ITEMS
ASSETS THAT CAN BE CONVERTED TO CASH WITHOUT DISRUPTING THE ONGOING BUSINESS
NON-CURRENT:
WORKING ASSETS THAT YIELD SERVICES TO THE BUSINESS OVER TIME.
THEIR SALE WOULD DISRUPT THE BUSINESS. (MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, REAL ESTATE, BREEDING LIVESTOCK)

5. LIABILITIES AND OWNERS EQUITY
LIABILITIES REPRESENT DEBT CAPITAL OR CLAIMS BY OTHERS AGAINST THE ASSETS
EQUITY REPRESENTS THE RESIDUAL CLAIM BY THE OWNERS AGAINST THE ASSETS

6. LIABILITIES CURRENT: NON-CURRENT:
EXISTING OBLIGATIONS THAT ARE PAYABLE WITHIN ONE YEAR OR ACCOUNTING PERIOD
NON-CURRENT:
DEBT WITH ORIGINAL MATURITY OVER ONE YEAR, EXCEEDING THE CURRENT PORTION OF PRINCIPLE DUE.

7. SCHEDULES #1 MARKETABLE SECURITIES #2 PREPAID EXPENSES
EXAMPLE- PAY AUTO INSURANCE YEARLY, THEREFORE, CREATING A PREPAID EXPENSE ITEM.
#3 SUPPLIES
#4 GROWING CROPS
DIRECT CASH COSTS INCURRED TO DATE
#5 CAPITAL LEASES, INVESTMENTS IN CO-0PS
CAPITAL LEASES ARE GENERALLY LEASE PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT

8. #6 RAISED BREEDING LIVESTOCK – BASE VALUE APPROACH
#7 RAISED BREEDING LIVESTOCK - COST LESS DEPRECIATION APPROACH
#8 PURCHASED BREEDING LIVESTOCK
#9 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
#10 REAL ESTATE
#12 NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
#13 DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY

9. ASSET VALUATION COST BASIS VALUATION MARKET BASIS VALUATION
COST LESS ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
MARKET BASIS VALUATION
FAIR MARKET VALUE

11. MAJOR ISSUE REGARDING ASSET VALUATION RELATES TO VALUATION OF CAPITAL ASSETS –
RAISED BREEDING LIVESTOCK
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
BUILDINGS
LAND

12. VALUATION OF RAISED BREEDING LIVESTOCK
FULL COST ABSORPTION METHOD
BASE VALUE METHOD

13. FULL COST ABSORPTION METHOD
ALL COST TO BRING ANIMALS INTO THE BREEDING HERD ALLOCATED AND CAPITALIZED
ANIMALS ARE THEN DEPRECIATED JUST LIKE PURCHASED BREEDING ANIMALS

15. BASE VALUE APPROACH
A BASE VALUE IS ESTABLISHED FOR VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF RAISED BREEDING ANIMALS

19. CAPITAL LEASED ASSETS
ASSETS UNDER A CAPITAL LEASE ARE TREATED LIKE ANY OTHER CAPITAL ASSET.
THEY HAVE BOTH A COST AND MARKET VALUE WHICH MAY DIFFER.
THE COST BASIS IS THE PRESENT VALUE OF ALL FUTURE LEASE PAYMENTS, WHICH IS THEN DEPRECIATED.
ALTERNATIVELY, THE “BUY-OUT AMOUNT” MAY BE DETERMINED EACH YEAR AND BE LISTED AS THE COST BASIS AND THE LIABILITY, WHICH WILL SHOW THE ASSET AS BEING FULLY FINANCED.

20. INVESTMENTS IN CO-OPS
ARE NOT MARKETABLE SECURITIES – THEREFORE, LISTED AS NON-CURRENT ASSETS
COST BASIS IS THE BOOK CREDIT VALUE LISTED BY THE CO-OP
MARKET VALUE IS SHOWN AS THE COST BASIS, EVEN THOUGH NO REAL MARKET VALUE EXIST

21. PERSONAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
MOST AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS ARE BEING SMALL, SOLE PROPRIETOR, FAMILY-OPERATED BUSINESS
MOST OFTEN THE BUSINESS AND PERSONAL ASSETS OF THE OWNERS ARE COMBINED ON THE BALANCE SHEET

22. COMBINING BUSINESS AND PERSONAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
PERSONAL ITEMS SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED FOR SEPARATELY IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A TRUE MEASURE OF BUSINESS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

23. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION (CCC) LOANS
NON-RECOURSE LOANS ON COMMODITIES
SHOULD BE TREATED AS A LOAN EVEN IF THE INTENT IS TO FORFEIT THE COMMODITY IN LIEU OF THE REPAYMENT.
THE TAX TREATMENT OF THE LOAN SHOULD NOT CHANGE THE WAY THE LOAN IS HANDLED ON THE BALANCE SHEET
THE COMMODITY UNDER LOAN SHOULD BE SHOWN ON THE BALANCE SHEET AS AN INVENTORY.

24. NOTES DUE NOTES DUE WITHIN 12 MONTHS
CURRENT PORTION OF PRINCIPAL DUE FOR TERM NOTES

25. ACCRUED INTEREST AND TAXES
ACCRUED INTEREST ON CURRENT AND TERM LOANS
ACCRUED TAXES:
PROPERTY TAXES
INCOME TAXES

26. DEFERRED TAXES DEFERRED TAX ON CURRENT ASSETS
WITH CASH TAX REPORTING, TAXES ON CERTAIN CURRENT ASSETS SUCH AS INVENTORIES HELD FROM ONE TAX YEAR TO THE NEXT SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED FOR AS A CURRENT LIABILITY.

27. DEFERRED TAX ON NON-CURRENT ASSETS
THE SALE OR LIQUIDATION OF CAPITAL ASSETS OFTEN RESULTS IN A TAX LIABILITY
IF THE MARKET VALUE EXCEEDS THE COST BASIS (COST LESS DEPRECIATION) A CAPITAL GAIN EXIST AND WILL BE TAXED.
THEREFORE, A POTENTIAL TAX LIABILITY EXIST AND SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED FOR AS A NON-CURRENT LIABILITY

28. CAPITAL LEASES
A CAPITAL LEASE IS A DIRECT SUBSTITUTE FOR A PURCHASE OF AN ASSET.
A CAPITAL LEASE SHOULD BE CAPITALIZED AND AMORTIZED OVER THE TERM OF THE LEASE.

29. ACCRUAL VS. CASH ACCOUNTING
THE ACCRUAL METHOD OF ACCOUNTING RECOGNIZES REVENUES AND EXPENSES AS THEY OCCUR
THE CASH METHOD OF ACCOUNTING RECOGNIZES REVENUES AND EXPENSES WHEN CASH ACTUALLY CHANGES HANDS