1. Edexcel Additional Science C 2
The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club
DTT Booster
Edexcel Additional Science C 2
THERAPY Topic 4– Periodic groups   
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school.
All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or institution.
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number

2. How to deliver the DTT Booster
Administer the short diagnosis test.
Mark the test (peer assess)
Work through the therapy slides completing the model questions and answers.
Complete the question slides for students to self assess.
Administer the final test (peer assess)

3. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups
Model Question
Can you name a metal that:
a) Melts at a low temperature
b) Is not very strong
Model Answer
Any from, mercury, lead, sodium, potassium
Any from, mercury, lead, sodium, potassium, copper, zinc
The Periodic Table
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
We can divide up the periodic table in many different ways but there are a few important divisions you need to know.
You need to know about:
Group 1 – the alkali metals
Group 2 – the Halogens
Group 0 – the noble gases
The transition metals.
Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals, they generally have:
High melting points
Conduct heat and electricity well
Are strong
As always there are exceptions, but go with the general pattern
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

4. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups
Model Question
A silvery metal melts at 106oC and reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce a colourless solution.
Is this metal likely to be a transition element?
Model Answer
No, low melting point and not a coloured compound
Transition metals
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
This part of the periodic table contains most of the metals we are most familiar with, along with many you will have never heard of.
You may be asked about the properties of a transition metal you have not heard of, they have similar properties:
They have high melting points
They form coloured compounds, that is when they react, their compounds are coloured.
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

5. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups
The noble gases were discovered when chemists realised that the density of pure nitrogen made in the laboratory was different to that of what they thought was pure nitrogen from air.
When they investigated they found small amounts of unreactive gases
There are 8 ‘groups’ across the periodic table 1-7 and the last group, usually called group 0, sometimes group 8.
Group 0 is a better name:
Group zero – because it has zero reactions!
Group 0 are also called the noble gases – they are far too noble to mix with and react with any of the other elements.
Model Question
Here are the boiling points for the noble gases, what do you think the boiling point of Ar, Argon might be?
Model Answer
Gap He – Ne = 24oC, Gap Kr – Xe = 47oC
If we go up in 12’s, 24 – 36 – 48
Ne = 210oC, it is actually 189 but you would get credit for working it like this He
-272 oC Ne
-248oC Ar Kr
-158oC Xe
-111oC
The noble gases were some of the last elements to be discovered. This is because they do not react so no one could find compounds containing them.
They are so unreactive that they do not even want to join together like other gases (e.g. O2) and they exist as single atoms – He, Ne, Ar, Kr…
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

6. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups
Group 1 – The alkali metals
Model Question
Write symbol equations for the reaction of potassium (K) with chlorine (Cl) and potassium (K) with water (H2O).
Model Answer
2K + Cl2  2KaCl
2Ka + 2H2O  2KOH + H2
Group 1 elements all form oxides with the formula BLANK2O where BLANK is any of the group 1 elements.
4Li + O2  2Li2O
4Na + O2  2Na2O
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
The group 1 elements also all react with water to form hydrogen and metal hydroxide.
The hydroxides all form alkaline solutions which is why the group is also called the alkali metals .
2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2
Group 1 metals show a pattern with their reactivity – as you go down the group they become more reactive.
This is because their outer electron is further from the nucleus as you go down, so is easier to remove.
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

7. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups
Group 7 – The halogens
Model Question
What colour would you predict Astatine (At) to be?
Model Answer
A very dark colour, probably black.
The halogens are non-metals. They exist as pairs of atoms.
As you go down the group the melting and boiling points rise.
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
The halogens all react with hydrogen to make gases that dissolve in water forming acidic solutions:
2H2 + 2Cl2  2HCl
HCl + water  hydrochloric acid
Again, as a group they share similarities in their reactions:
2Na + F2  2NaF Na + Cl2  2NaCl
2Na + Br2 2NaBr Na + I2  2NaI
You do need to remember the physical properties and colours of the halogens. Remember the pattern above, and:
Fluorine – pale yellow gas Bromine – red/brown liquid
Chlorine – pale green gas Iodine – dark grey solid (makes purple fumes)
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

8. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups
Model Question
What colour change would you get if you add chlorine to sodium iodide?
Model Answer
pale green to dark brown
Displacement reactions.
You will remember displacement reactions in metals – a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal:
Put an iron nail into copper sulfate solution and the nail quickly becomes coated in copper. We say the (more reactive) iron has displaced the copper
Iron copper  iron copper
sulfate sulfate
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
Solution of sodium salt of
halogen halogen
Cl pale green colourless
Br red / brown colourless
I dark brown colourless
If I add pale green chlorine to sodium bromide the colour changes to red/brown as chlorine displaces bromine F Cl Br I
Halogens also do displacement reactions, although the pattern for halogen reactivity is most reactive at the top of the group
Increasing
reactivity
You do need to remember the physical properties and colours of the halogens. Remember the pattern above, and:
Fluorine – pale yellow gas Bromine – red/brown liquid
Chlorine – pale green gas Iodine – dark grey solid (makes purple fumes)
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

9. Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups - Questions
Which part of the periodic table are the following found potassium fluorine iron
Write a word equation and then a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of lithium with chlorine.
Describe the pattern in reactivity as you go down group 7 of the periodic table.
Describe what you would see if you added a piece of sodium metal to water containing universal indicator.
Describe what you would see if you added chlorine to a colourless solution of lithium bromide.
Why is sodium less reactive than potassium?

10. Edexcel Topic 4 Periodic groups - Answers
Which part of the periodic table are the following found potassium Group 1 fluorine Group 7 iron Transition metals
Write a word equation and then a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of lithium with chlorine. Lithium + chlorine  lithium chloride 2Li + Cl2  2LiCl
Describe the pattern in reactivity as you go down group 7 of the periodic table. Becomes less reactive
Describe what you would see if you added a piece of sodium metal to water containing universal indicator. Metal reacts, fizzing / bubbles floats on top of water gas produced universal indicator goes purple (alkaline)
Describe what you would see if you added chlorine to a colourless solution of lithium bromide. Pale green colour is replaced by red/brown colour
Why is sodium less reactive than potassium? Its outer electron is closer to the nucleus so is harder to remove

11. Final test DTT Booster Students now complete the final test.
Compare this to what they achieved in the diagnostic test.