1. Power Line Communication
Project Report

2. Introduction to power line communication.
Power line Communication is the technology that enables the transmission of data over power line that carries and supplies electric power.
Replacing the slow data transmission rate with only one-way communication, the emerging PLC technology has brought wider bandwidth with two-way communications.
PLC is a kind of communication technology, which uses Medium Voltage(MV) & Low Voltage(LV) distribution network as the communication media to implement transmission of data, voice and real time image

3. The carrier can communicate voice and data by superimposing an analog signal over the standard 50 or 60 Hz alternating current (AC).

4. Need for power line communication
Through the use of simple adapters, powerline communications is easy to set up, and even easier to use. The technology uses the electrical wiring already in your home to turn any electrical power outlet into a high speed Internet and home network connection.
It can be used easily as it-
Has no more wires, just plug in
Shares your Internet connection
Moves your computer and appliances where you want
Easy to install and use
Has secure data-encryption
One wire offers both power and your high-speed communications needs

5. More reliable for streaming media
Wireless Is Excellent for Laptops and Mobile Applications, but Why Choose powerline Communications Over Wireless Technologies?
More reliable for streaming media
Faster speeds with fewer dropouts
Whole-home coverage
Greater security
Setup takes just a few minutes - just plug in

6. Communications Background
In order to better understand PLC, the following section provides an overview of a general communications system.
There are two main applications for power line communication –
one for broadband Internet access to the home
other for home and office networking.
This work focuses on using power lines for home and office networking

7. Communications System Model

8. Source and Destination
The source can be any digital source of information.
If the source is analog such as speech, then an analog to digital converter must precede the transmitter.
At the receiving end, the decoded information is delivered to the destination
Source Coding
Source encoder compress redundant data, which minimizes the number of bits transmitted over the channel, but can also create a loss of source information.
At source decoder data is unpacked to either an exact replica of the source information (lossless data compression) or a distorted version (lossy data compression).

9. Channel Coding
In order to reduce the bit error probability the channel encoder adds redundancy (extra control bits) to the bit sequence in a controlled way.
When an error appears in the bit stream the extra information may be used by the channel decoder, to detect, and possibly correct, the error.
Modulator and Demodulator
The purpose of the modulator is to take the encoded data and produce an analog signal suitable to propagate over the channel.
The data is converted from a stream of bits into an analog signal.

10. At the receiver, the demodulator tries to detect which waveform was transmitted, and convert the analog information back to a sequence of bits.
Channel
The channel can be any physical transmission medium including coaxial cable, twisted pair, optical fibre, air, water, or for this work - the power line.
It is important to know the characteristics of the channel, such as the attenuation and noise level because these parameters directly affect the performance of the communication system.

11. ADVANTAGES No more wires, just plug in Share your Internet connection
Move your computers and appliances where you want
Easy to install and use high transmission rate, right now 3 Mbps (up to 30 times faster than ISDN) in uploading and downloading with speeds of 100 Mbps possible
Secure data-encryption
Utilizes existing power source for all your communications needs

12. Limitations Electro-Magnetic Radiation Issues Addressing issue
Security
Noise interference
Regulatory and standardization issues

13. Application areas offered by Powerline communications
Without new wires, powerline communications can be used to bring high-speed connectivity to:
All the rooms in your home
WiFi Hotspots
Multi Tenant / Multi Dwelling Units
Campuses
Schools
Hotels and Hospitality Suites

14. Other applications
High-speed digital Internet Fast and secure whole-house connectivity to the Internet for surfing, , gaming, internet television, connecting your TiVo, etc.
Whole-house Audio New and elegantly designed whole-house audio systems can provide music in every room in an existing house. These systems can also connect to your favorite Internet radio stations and music services - forever changing how you listen to music.

15. Security & Monitoring Surveillance systems with both visual and motion detectors that can be monitored by you and a security service - with no new wiring. From any power outlet, you can monitor your children and the people you love who may need regular help.
Smart Homes Remote maintenance and in-house control of internet-enabled household appliances like refrigerators, heating systems, smoke and fire alarm systems.
Internet Telephony Powerful telephone connection using the internet that offers security and good speech quality. You can even send and receive fax messages
Smart Grid is another concept that utilizes powerline communications digital signals to help make the most efficient use of our electricity resources and keep the world a greener place.

16. AMR(AUTOMATED METER READING)
AMR is a system used for remote reading of electric consumer meters
Visual inspection of meters is time consuming and labor-intensive.
It was first tested 30 years ago conducted by AT&T in cooperation with a group of utilities and Westinghouse
In India the AMR technique is yet to be introduced and may take some time due to the weak financial condition of the State Electricity Boards.
Power line communication can provide the channel for AMR data transmission without use of any extra cabling

17. Remote Detection of Illegal Electricity Usage
Methods of Theft
Direct hook up from the overhead transmission line
Using the mechanical objects
Using a fixed magnet
Using the external phase before meter terminals
Switching the energy cables at the meter connector box

18. SOLUTION

19. subscribers between two poles can be taken as a area comprising of approximately 20-30 homes at most
An area energy meter will be installed at one of the pole and that particular area energy meter will be based on the PLCC technique
The reading from all the meters from an area is compared in the host PLC unit with the reading from that particular areas energy meter. By this method we can get the information regarding the default area and will than confiscate this area easily.
This scheme saves the cost of individual energy chip meter

20. Thank You
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