1. Chapter 19: Network Management
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2. Network Management Requirements
Fault Management
Accounting Management
Configuration and Name Management
Performance Management
Security Management
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3. Business Data Communications, 4e
Fault Management
A fault is an abnormal condition that requires management attention (or action) to repair
Fault is usually indicated by failure to operate correctly or by excessive errors
Users expect quick and reliable resolution
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4. Business Data Communications, 4e
Responding to Faults
When faults occur, it is critical to quickly:
Determine exactly where the fault is
Isolate the rest of the network from the failure so that it can continue to function without interference
Reconfigure or modify the network to minimize the effect of removing the failed component(s)
Repair or replace the failed components to restore the network to its initial state
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5. Accounting Management
Reasons for accounting management:
Internal chargebacks on network use
User(s) may be abusing access privileges and burdening the network at the expense of other users
Users may be making inefficient use of the network, and the network
The network manager is in a better position to plan for network growth if user activity is known in sufficient detail.
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6. Configuration Management
Concerned with:
initializing a network and grace-fully shutting down part or all of the network
maintaining, adding, and updating the relationships among components and the status of components themselves during network operation
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7. Performance Management
Issues of concern to the network manager include:
What is the level of capacity utilization?
Is there excessive traffic?
Has throughput been reduced to unacceptable levels?
Are there bottlenecks?
Is response time increasing?
Network managers need performance statistics to help them plan, manage, and maintain large networks
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8. Business Data Communications, 4e
Security Management
Concerned with
generating, distributing, and storing encryption keys
monitoring and controlling access to networks
access to all or part of the network management information
collection, storage, and examination of audit records and security logs
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9. Network Management Systems
Collection of tools for network monitoring and control, integrated in these ways:
A single user-friendly operator interface for performing most or all network management tasks
A minimal amount of separate equipment
consists of incremental hardware and software additions implemented among existing network components
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10. Network Management System Architecture
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11. Business Data Communications, 4e
Components of the NMS
All nodes run the Network Management Entity (NME) software
Network control host or manager runs the Network Management Application (NMA)
Other nodes are considered agents
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12. Network Management Entity
Collection of software contained in each network node, devoted to the network management task
Performs the following tasks:
Collect statistics on communications and network-related activities.
Store statistics locally
Respond to commands from the network control center
Send messages to NCC when local conditions undergo a significant change
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13. IBM Network Management Architecture and NetView
Associated with IBM’s Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
IBM wants to provide the single, unifying framework into which all other network management products feed and from which all the equipment in a user’s network can be controlled
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14. Network Management Categories
SNA network management is composed of:
Problem management
Change management
Configuration management
Performance and accounting management
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15. Business Data Communications, 4e
Problem Management
Problem determination
Problem diagnosis
Problem bypass and recovery
Problem resolution
Problem tracking and control
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16. Business Data Communications, 4e
Change Management
Software change control
Microcode change control
Hardware change control
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17. Configuration Management
Physical/logical resource identification
Resource relationship identification
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18. Performance & Accounting Management
Response-time monitoring
Availability monitoring
Utilization monitoring
Component delay monitoring
Performance tuning
Performance tracking and control
Accounting
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19. Business Data Communications, 4e
NetView Software
Control facility
Provides the capability to operate the network.
Hardware monitor
collects notifications of failures or significant events
Session monitor
Collects session-related information on logical components of the network; includes measurements of data on response time, session failure
Status monitor
Displays status information; reactivates network resources following failures
Help facilities
Descriptions of fields on displays, and a systematic problem-solving facility
Customization facilities:
Permits a user to tailor NetView
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20. Business Data Communications, 4e
Technical Control
Automatic and remote testing and monitoring of the system, to reduce downtime due to the need to locate service personnel
Restoring and/or reconfiguring the system upon failure in real time
Providing network performance and functioning statistics to facilitate planning and management for high availability
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21. Component-Level Technical Control
Line Monitors
Captures the signal between a host system and the network
Generally employed only on the network end
Protocol Analyzers
Can also simulate various network components
Can test communication protocols and codes
Typically handles up to layer 3 of the OSI architecture
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22. Network Technical Control Systems
Integrate control devices and centralize the control of the network
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23. Performance Monitoring
After availability, the second most important characteristic of a network is performance
Performance data must be available in sufficient detail to be able to assess the bottleneck that is causing the problem and to plan appropriate remedial action
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24. Component-Level Monitoring
Response-time monitors
Measures, displays, and records response time of each transaction and the average response time
Hardware monitors
Events: Number of occurrences of specific events
Timing: Timing the duration of a specific signal
Software monitors
Gathers and reports statistics on hardware and systems and applications software activity
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25. Network Monitoring Systems
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26. Indicators Reported by Network Monitors
Service Parameters
Availability
Response Time
Accuracy and Integrity
Efficiency Parameters
Througput
Polling
Utilization
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27. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Network Management Model
Management station
Management agent
Management information base
Network management protocol
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28. Business Data Communications, 4e
Role of SNMP
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29. Protocol Specification
Transmission of a message
Receipt of a message
Variable bindings
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30. Business Data Communications, 4e
SNMPv2
Released in 1992, revised in 1996
Addressed functional deficiencies in SNMP
Accommodates decentralized network management
Improves efficiency of data transfer
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31. Business Data Communications, 4e
SNMPv3
Released in 1998, addressed security deficiencies in SNMP and SNMPv2
Does not provide a complete SNMP capability; defines an overall SNMP architecture and a set of security capabilities for use with SNMPv2
Provides three important services: authentication, privacy, and access control
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