1. Miss Timberlake, 4th Grade
Westward Movement
Miss Timberlake, 4th Grade

2. Major Expeditions

3. Learning Objective
You will be able to summarize the major expeditions that played a role in westward expansions including those of Daniel Boone, Lewis and Clark, and Zebulon Pike.

4. Daniel Boone
He crossed the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky
He created the Wilderness Trail which later became the first National Road
He expanded original Native American trails
He established the first settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
He eventually purchased much of the land in Kentucky that was taken from the Cherokee
Video:

6. Lewis and Clark Native American guides helped Lewis and Clark
Sacajawea was the most famous guide that helped them
They documented land that was soon included in the Louisiana Purchase
They also claimed land in the Pacific Northwest
Thomas Jefferson encouraged the two to find the Northwest Passage
This is a waterway that they thought would connect the northeastern and northwestern parts of the country… it does not exist.
They mapped areas they visited and provided scientific information about plants and animals they encountered.
Videos:
BrainPop: gures/lewisandclark/

8. Zebulon Pike He explored the upper regions of the Mississippi River
He made treaties with Native Americans
He mapped and claimed lands for the USA during Westward Expansion
Because of his explorations, Pike’s Peak is named in his honor

10. Motivations and Methods

11. Learning Objective
You will be able to explain the motivations and methods of migrants and immigrants, who moved West, including economic opportunities, the availability of rich land, and the country’s belief in Manifest Destiny.

12. Motivations
Manifest Destiny– the God given right to expand and claim lands from coast to coast
Settlers claimed land that was also claimed by other nations and/or Native Americans
Video:

13. Personal and Economic Opportunity
There were many economic opportunities in trade for pioneers that were different from the industries in the North and plantations in the South.
Pioneers could hunt and then make money off of the furs
Farmland was inexpensive so farmers could own their own land and make money
The California Gold Rush brought many new migrants to the West who were looking to get rich quick.
The miners needed food and supplies, so store owners followed and created towns
People also moved West for religious freedom.

15. Hardships
Broken wagons, accidents, bad weather, rough river crossings, limited food and supplies, sickness, criminals, and/or unfriendly Native Americans
The trip was particularly difficult for women and children
Pioneers mostly traveled West in wagon trains
Success depended on weather and lack of conflict among travelers.

17. Key Acquisitions of the United States

18. Learning Objective
You will be able to explain the purpose, location, and impact of key United States acquisitions in the first half of the 19th century, including the Louisiana Purchase, the Florida Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, the annexation of Texas, and the Mexican Cession.

19. Louisiana Purchase Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? USA and French
Purchase of land that doubled the size of the USA!
Where?
Mississippi River to present day Idaho and north to Canada
When?
1803
Why?
To assist farmers who needed to get their goods to the French port of New Orleans so they could sell their goods
How?
By paying the French $15 Million… that’s 3 cents per acre!

22. Florida Purchase Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? USA and Spain?
Purchase of Florida
Where?
Between the Louisiana
When?
1819
Why?
To ease friction on boundary lines
How?
With $5 Million

23. Oregon Territory Who? What? Where? When? Why? Great Britain and USA
The Oregon Territory
Where?
Northwestern USA
When?
1846
Why?
To compromise with Great Britain so they wouldn’t go to war
For economic opportunity

24. Annexation of Texas Who? What? Where? When? Why?
USA, Mexico, and Texas
What?
Texas joining the USA
Where?
Texas
When?
1844
Why?
Texas was great farmland for cotton and settlers wanted to be there

26. Mexican Cession Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? Mexico and USA
More land for the USA
Where?
New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and Nevada
When?
1848
Why?
The USA wanted access Pacific ports in order to make money
How?
The Mexican War
$15 Million

27. DBQ
Was the US justified in going to war with Mexico?

29. Territory Expansions

30. Learning Objective
You will be able to summarize how territorial expansion, related land policies, and specific legislation affected Native Americans including the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Indian Removal Act.

31. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Allowed new lands to organize as territories and later become states once the population reached a certain number of settlers.
Provided public schools
Outlawed slavery in new states
This was the 1st time the USA government took a stand against slavery
Native Americans were forced to give up their land

32. The Indian Removal Act
This act pushed Native Americans westward out of their land
Some Native Americans went voluntarily, others fought back.

33. How did Native Americans React?
Cherokee
Seminoles
Took their case to the Supreme Court
Supreme Court ruled in their favor that they should keep their land
Andrew Jackson ignored this and removed them anyway
Went to war in Florida
They lost and were removed and placed in Indian Territory

34. Trail of Tears
When Andrew Jackson ignored the Supreme Court ruling, he forced the Cherokee Indians to move from their homes in the Appalachian Mountains across the Mississippi River into the territory that is now Oklahoma
Video:

36. Conflict
Even though Native Americans were promised reservations in the West, settlers and military men often broke the treaties
White settlers wanted the Native American land because of gold, silver, and rich grazing land
This led to several Indian Wars.

37. Slavery and Westward Movement

38. Learning Objective
You will be able to explain how the Missouri Compromise, the fugitive state laws, the annexations of Texas, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas- Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision affected the institution of slavery in the United States territory.

39. Missouri Compromise
The cotton gin was invented and southern states were dependent on slavery in order to make money
Northern states were gradually emancipating (freeing) their slaves
As northerners moved west, they did not want to see slavery in those states.
The number of northerners in Congress outnumbered the southerners.
Southerners wanted to hold onto equal representation in Congress.
The compromise tried to avoid future controversy by not allowing slavery in the Louisiana Territory

41. Annexation of Texas
Texas wanted to join the USA as a slave state because there were cotton farms in Texas
They were admitted as a slave state.
Northerners were unhappy about this while Southerners were happy.

42. The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act
When people discovered gold in 1849, thousands of settlers moved to California to get rich quick.
They wanted to be a free state
This would upset the balance of the free/slave states
California became a free state
The Fugitive Slave Act stated that if a slave escaped and was caught then they would be returned to their masters in the South.
This caused a lot of controversy because free African Americans had to prove their freedom or risk being sold into slavery.

43. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The government wanted to build a railroad that went all the way across the country—this is called the transcontinental railroad
In order to build it they would need Southern support.
In order to get Southern support they would need to allow slavery
So, they allowed people within this territory to vote on if they wanted slavery or not.

45. The Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott was a man who was taken into free territory by his master
He sued his master for his freedom claiming, “once free, always free.”
The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans are not citizens even if they were born in the USA. Slaves were property and had no rights.
They also said slaves could be taken anywhere in the USA.
By extension, this meant that slavery was legal throughout the entire USA.
Northerners were incredibly upset by this, while Southerners were overjoyed.