1. R.K. Tyagi Conservation of PGR for Effective Utilization
New Initiatives at NBPGR
R.K. Tyagi
Head and Principal Scientist
Division of Germplasm Conservation
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Pusa Campus, New Delhi , INDIA
1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress (IAC 2016), New Delhi, India
Technical Session 2 A : Conservation Strategies and Methodologies  Concurrent Session : Seed Genebanks

2. Agricultural Challenges 2000 2050
100%
100%
100% 0%
-20%
(Compiled from various sources, only indicative)

3. Indian Plant Genetic Resources Management System
Department of Agricultural Research (DARE)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR)
NBPGR Headquarters and 10 Regional Stations
International Organizations
59 National Active Germplasm Sites (NAGS) comprising
ICAR institutes, Project Directorates, NRCs, AICRIPs, SAUs
NETWORK
COLLABORATORS
National Stakeholders

4. Indian Plant Genetic Resources Management System – Major Activities
Germplasm Evaluation and Characterization
Germplasm Acquisition
PGR Documentation and Informatics
Distribution
Conservation
Utilization
(prebreeding, breeding,
selection, variety release)

5. NBPGR
NATIONAL GENEBANK

6. National Genebank Network
In Vitro Genebank
at 25+20C
(6 culture rooms)
Medium-term modules at +4 to 80C
(6)
ICAR-NBPGR,
New Delhi
Cryogenebank at
-180 to -1960C
(6 cryotanks)
Long-term modules at -200C
(12)
National Genebank Network
(NBPGR responsible for PGR activities at national level)
Medium-term modules at
+4 to 80C
(18)
Field Genebanks
ICAR-NBPGR, Regional Stations (10)
National Active Germplasm Sites
(59 crop-based ICAR institutes)

7. National Genebank (NGB) at NBPGR
Total 450,146 accessions (including all forms of PGR) conserved:
429,700 accessions as orthodox seeds (-180C) in Seed Genebank
9,869 accessions as orthodox, recalcitrant seeds, pollen, dormant buds (-1960C) in Cryogenebank
2,086 accessions (40,000 in vitro cultures) of vegetatively propagated crops (250C) in In Vitro Genebank
8,491 accessions of live plants in Field Genebanks
Wild species and relatives
18,759
Trait-specific germplasm
7,773
Varieties 5,176
Landraces
2,09,831

8. Pattern of germplasm received and conserved in NGB
( )
CBD
PPVFRA & NBA

9. Eras in PGR Conservation and Use -Global
Germplasm Regeneration and International Linkages
Regeneration and documentation of collections
Support of national programs, facilities and training
Research on wider genepool
Germplasm Utilization
Closer linkage with breeders
Biotechnology and conservation partnership
Efficient networks
Germplasm Conservation
Policies and strategic plans
Establishment of facilities and conservation of crops
Trainings
Germplasm Acquisition
Plant Exploration
Germplasm Collecting
Exchange
Multilateral funding (CGIAR/IBPGR/ IPGRI FAO)
Supplementary Bilateral funding
Private funding
Developed nations
Multilateral-GCDT, ITPGRFA
National and institutional
Funding and support
Adapted from : Cohen et al., Science 253: 866, 1991

10. Utilization Eras in PGR Conservation and Use -NBPGR Exploration
Biochemical/Quality Analysis
(oils, proteins, secondary metabolites)
Molecular Characterization
(DNA Fingerprinting, diversity analysis, genomic resources)
Agro-botanical traits (crop descriptors)
Exploration
Characterization
Evaluation
Utilization
Exchange
Conservation
PGR Informatics
Quarantine
2011 onwards

11. Lead Centre (NBPGR) and Plant Genetic Resources
Animal Genetic Resources
Fish Genetic Resources
Microbial Genetic Resources
Insect Genetic Resources
Veterinary Culture
Fungal Barcoding
Biodiversity of A&N Islands

12. Large Scale Characterization and Evaluation of Germplasm Conserved in NGB
Phase I ( )
Phase 2 ( )
Wheat*
Field crops (16 crops)
Rice#
Horticulture crops (6 crop groups)
Evaluation (6 Field crops)
*NATIONAL INITIATIVE ON CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE (NICRA),
CONSORTIUM RESEARCH PLATFORM (CRP) ON AGROBIODIVERSITY

13. 4,925 acc. found resistant for stem, leaf and stripe rusts
Large Scale Characterization and Preliminary Evaluation of wheat for Biotic Stresses
Wellington, Tamil Nadu ( )
20,660 accessions, disease tolerance
Hisar, Haryana( )
21,445 accessions
for characterization
4,925 acc. found resistant for stem, leaf and stripe rusts
Developed Core set

14. Artificial epiphytotic conditions also created at hot spots
Gurdaspur
Coochbehar
Stripe rust inoculum from Farmers’ field (Punjab) (mixture of races)
Multiplied on susceptible wheat cultivars (PBW 343 and Agra Local)
Used for field inoculation
Pure culture of local isolate of B. sorokiniana multiplied on sorghum grains.
Spores uniformly sprayed during evening hours at tillering, flag leaf emergence and anthesis stages of the crop.

15. Wheat screening against Karnal Bunt at , Rabi 2013
Out of the 4,925 accessions screened at both the locations, 659 accessions were found to be resistant to all the diseases (it includes registered wheat germplasm for rusts).
During Rabi 2013, above 659 wheat accessions screened under artificial inoculation conditions at:
Directorate of Wheat Research, RS, Flowerdale, Shimla, for screening for resistance against the seven virulent pathotypes of three wheat rusts (Brown, black and yellow rust); under artificial conditions.
PAU, Regional Research Station, Gurudaspur, for screening against KB.
Wheat screening against Karnal Bunt at , Rabi 2013
Multiple disease resistance (accs)
Karnal bunt = 585
Brown + black rust = 58
Yellow rust = 51
All three rusts + Spot blotch = 34
Black + yellow = 18
Yellow + brown = 7

16. Chickpea (18,500 accessions ) characterization programme at MPKVV, Rahuri
Developed Core Set

17. Upright Peduncle Genotype (IC486088 ) in Chickpea
Trait has special significance in breeding varieties amenable to mechanical harvesting, would save labour used for manual harvesting
18,873 chickpea accessions from NGB grown in MPKV , Rahuri ( )

18. Total Number of Accessions in NGB and their Characterization Status
Crop
(Number of descriptors)
Number of accessions conserved in NGB
Accessions Characterized/regenerated Component I
Total
Rice* (30)
1,06,061
14,000
42,000
Maize (31)
10,442
2,850
2,792
2,825
8,467
Millets (23-26)
57,940
5,000
7,735
7,395
20,130
Wheat** (25)
32,886 -
1,576
Chickpea*** (20)
14,634
1,000
2,562
3,562
Pigeonpea (19)
11,234
2,000
2,400
2,500
6,900
Rapeseed-Mustard (30)
10,863
2,339
6,683
10,022
*In addition, 15,000 of rice accessions characterized under DBT Project
**22,500 accessions of wheat were characterized under NICRA prior to CRP-AB
***17,085 accessions (including reference germplasm in MTS) of chickpea were characterized under Plan

19. Total Number of Accessions in NGB and their Characterization Status
Crop
(Number of descriptors)
Number of accessions conserved in NGB
Accessions Characterized/regenerated Component I
Total
Safflower (30)
7,345
4,000
2,800 -
6,800
Sunflower (30)
1,368
1,100
Groundnut (33)
13,811
1,000
1,437
3,000
5,437
Sesame (30)
10,095
1,750
2,250
5,000
Soybean (31)
3,996
Cotton (30)
7,830
1,315
2,150
2,000
5,465
Vegetables (23-25)
24,063
3,817
4,927
9,744
Medicinal Plants (23-25)
7,318
375
218
492
1,085
Onion (27)
1,018
450
500
950
Seed Spices (23-25)
2,914
569
847
188
1,604
TOTAL
3,23,818
38,548
52,217
42,077
1,32,842 (41%)

20. Trait-Specific Germplasm Catalogues

21. Field Days organised Sorghum Field Day at IIMR, Hyderabad
2500 accessions, 70 participants ( )
Cabbage Field Day at IARI-RS, Katrain
150 accessions, 90 participants ( )
Sorghum Field Day at IIMR, Solapur
2500 accessions, 50 participants ( )
Mustard Field Day at DRMR, Bharatpur
2000 accessions, 75 participants ( )

22. Global Distribution of Indian-origin germplasm conserved in National and International Genebanks
The radius of the circles is relative to the number of Indian-origin accessions conserved. Circles with red indicator represent the CG genebanks

23. REGISTRATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES
Mechanism established in 1996 NBPGR, New Delhi ICAR.
National documentation system of PGR with unique characteristics (potential attributes of academic, scientific or commercial value).
To provide recognition to those associated with its development and identification and provides soft protection under the present IPR scenario.
Revised guidelines published in 2014; Downloadable from:

24. Details of unique trait-specific germplasm registered and conserved
Crop Group
No. of accessions registered
No. of species
Cereals and pseudo-cereals
428 10
Millets 80 05
Grain legumes
132 16
Oilseeds
164 20
Fibres and forages
102 14
Vegetables 76 21
Fruits and nuts 41 19
Medicinal and aromatic plants and spices 60
Commercial crops 99
Ornamentals 51 27
Tubers 32 13
Agro-forestry 07 06
Total
1,272
208

25. NBPGR Journey for PGR Informatics
Source :

26. NBPGR Portal

27. Methodology for Identification of accessions with similar passport data - Probable duplicates
Database Standardization/Data Cleaning
Keyword In context (KWIC) Index
Pair-wise Distance Scores
Approximate String Matching (Fuzzy)
Phonetic Matching
Sematic Matching
(Synset based)
Impemented in R programming language
Probable duplicates for each keyword
Grouping
Will be further compiled in a R add-on package as reproducible code
A tool to aid genebank managers in identifying probable duplicate accessions from crop germplasm databases

28. Key Research Areas Gene erosion and genetic drift studies
Biosystematic and phylogenetic studies
Remote sensing for survey and exploration
Niche and neglected crops
Key Research Areas
Novel protocols for conservation
Assessment studies of impact of climate change on PGR
Molecular markers for DNA finger printing and trait discovery
Valuation and economic impact assessment
Biosensor and molecular techniques for detecting pests
Policy research

29. Germplasm collections Novel Diversity in Pre-breeding and Breeding
OUTCOME and IMPACT
PGR Informatics
Germplasm collections
Phenotypic
analysis
Genotypic
analysis
Reducing redundancy
Value addition
Trait mapping
Gene isolation
Allele mining
Core collections
Mini-cores
Reference collections
Novel Diversity in Pre-breeding and Breeding
Functional validation

30. Thank You
धन्यवाद