1. The Structure of Current System for Polar Substorm
A.Kotikov, Saint-Petersburg University
A.Zaitsev, IZMIRAN,

2. Statistical current system based on IGY data – main sources are westward and eastward electrojets and currents in polar cap. A –convective, B – explosive, C – polar cap currents D - complex current system
Reference:
Y.Feldstein, A.Zaitsev,
Sd-variation of the magnetic field in high latitudes with different intensity of magnetic disturbances,
Annales Geoph.,v.24, n.2, pp.1-8, 1968

3. Eastward Electrojet : Facts and Rumors
Rumors: eastward electrojet does not exist as own source,
does not play a significant role in substorm
Facts: eastward electrojet is the essential source of polar geomagnetic disturbances on his own,
two types of eastward electrojets are observed
Convective Explosive 
Positioned around LT positioned around LT
Spread current sheet Distinctive jet-like current
Strong seasonal dependence No seasonal dependence
Have not accompany by riometer Accompanied by riometer absorption
Have not pronounced conjugacy Clear conjugate
Not display Harang discontinuity To form the Harang discontinuity
Have a connection with magnetosphere Have a connection with the partial
convection cell ? ring current ?

4. Magnetic Superstorm at Jan.11, 1997 Cape Kamenny, Yamal, Siberia
Extra strong eastward electrojet
Magnetic Superstorm at Jan.11, 1997 Cape Kamenny, Yamal, Siberia
Harang discontinuity,
South Pole station, 1977

5. Connection solar wind – magnetosphere – ionosphere currents
Magnetometers of Prognoz-7, 8 and Interball satellites display the flapping movements of magnetopause in sequence with geomagnetic disturbances

6. Flapping motions of magnetosphere and vortexes formation
Flapping movements might stimulate the substorm mesoscale processes

7. UV Aurora as observed by Polar satellite at July 15, 2000
auroral oval as predicted
by GI , Alaska

8. X-ray imaging of particle precipitation

9. Example: Interhemispheric relationships in meso-scale auroras
Global scale auroras are known to be similar, but how about mesoscales (L= km)?
ASC images: evolution of individual auroral structures can also have interhemispheric similarities.
The real conjugate point of a station can move hundreds (tens) of km in longitude (latitude) during one hour.
Reference: Sato et al., GRL 2005

10. Geophysical network on Yamal peninsula at 1972-1991.
Since 1972 there are analog recordings 20 mm/hour
Since 1985 first digital magnetometers were installed on Dixon,
Bely Isl., Sabetta,
Cape Kamenny, Salekhard,
Analog data in WDC, digital data in Internet

11. Public Outreach and Education Program in Seykha School: Polar Geomagnetic Disturbances as Indicator of Space Weather (will plan to use THEMIS data )
Seykha School, Yamal peninsula, Siberia, Russia
geomagnetic latitude 65,0 degree

12. Thank you all colleagues that I have a chance to meet you
Thank you all colleagues that I have a chance to meet you ! Sincerely , Alexander Zaitsev
My personal wish a great success to THEMIS project under leadership of Dr.V.Angelopulos !