1. By: Jennifer Restrepo & Samantha De La O
Consuming Toxins
By: Jennifer Restrepo & Samantha De La O

2. Introduction
There are many toxins in the foods we eat and the different kinds of water that we drink. In this presentation we will discuss the different kinds of toxins there are, how they ended up there, and how it affects us. We want you to be aware of the harmful chemicals that could be affecting your body right now.

3. Tap Water What We’ve Learned
Tap water has over two thousand different types of chemicals. They come from all different sources such as pollution. Another way is trough public water systems. The most common of these chemicals is chlorine which is a chemical typically used to filter out different water sources.

4. Relatable Flint, Michigan Water Crisis
The water in Flint, Michigan was not so good before the water crisis happened. It was severely degraded during the 1970s, due to “the presence of fecal coliform bacteria, low dissolved oxygen, plant nutrients, oils, and toxic substances.” The water supply that was being used was tested positive for fecal coliform bacterium a couple of times in the year 2014, prompting boil water advisories. So much chlorine was used to clean the water that residents were afraid to use and drink the water.

5. More on the Issue
This issue of fecal coliform bacterium in the water supply in Flint, Michigan has gone on for years. They have switched water supply companies a few times within the last five years and residents are still unable to safely drink the only water that is provided to them. You could imagine how angry people must have gotten having to always boil their water because it was unsafe to drink.

6. Toxins in food
Toxins can either be naturally occurring in food or they can become contaminated when being prepared for cooing or by pesticides on the farm.

7. Food Preparation
It’s important to cook food properly to help prevent its normal toxins from being harmful. Often times foods can cause illness if they become contaminated.
Toxin enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, and often causes the first symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea.

8. Escherichia Coli Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
Commonly known as E. Coli is a pathogenic bacteria that lives in the intestine of people and animals.
Like most bacteria there is a necessary amount needed to stay healthy.
The major source of illness in people results from eating contaminated cattle

9. Causes of Illness
When a small amount of human or animal feces is ingested E. Coli can cause
Diarrhea, vomiting, and bloody stool
Eating unpasteurized milk/apple cider and soft cheeses can increases the risk of getting infected.

10. E. Coli in Recent News
55 people infected with the outbreak strain of STEC O26 were reported from 11 states
Evidence collected during this investigation suggested that a common meal item or ingredient served at Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurants was a likely source of the outbreaks.

11. The map shows where there were outbreaks of E. Coli.
The graph shows the number of people affected by the outbreaks.

12. Conclusion
There was no single source for the contamination found at various Chipotles across the country.
Before opening up again Chipotle had to completely restock its’ ingredients and undergo intensive cleaning measures.
When it comes to food safety restaurants need to be aware of where the food comes from and to make sure it is being prepared correctly.

13. Bibliography
Blair, Robert. Organic Production and Food Quality : A Down to Earth Analysis. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
“What Chemicals are in Tap Water?” Health Guidance. Jamey Wagner, 2016, Accessed 18 Nov
"Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli & Food Safety." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 28 Nov
"FDA Investigates Multistate Outbreak of E. Coli O26 Infections Linked to Chipotle Mexican Grill Restaurants." FDA. Accessed 17 Nov  
"Toxic Crops." Stop the Crop. Accessed 02 Dec
“Flint Water Crisis Fast Facts.” CNN U.S. CNN Library, 17 October 2016, Accessed 1 Nov