1. SOUND and HEARING
Unit 8L
Sunday, 15 April 2018

2. Introduction Sunday, 15 April 2018 General equipment for every lesson:
Study guides (Red, yellow, green)
Sunday, 15 April 2018

3. Target review Check out your most recent target sheet.
Consider what you need to do in order to achieve your target.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

4. INDEX Introduction Target review
Lesson 1: What is sound and how does it travel?
Lesson 2: How are different frequencies produced?
Lesson 3: How do ears work?
Lesson 4: Amplitude.
Lesson 5: Sound insulation.
Lesson 6: Reviewing progress and targets.
Lesson 7: The Doppler Effect and the speed of sound.
Lesson 8: Assessing your knowledge and understanding.
Lesson 9: Feedback and revision of targets. Identifying where more learning is needed.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

5. What is sound and how does it travel?
Lesson 1
Lesson 1 Equipment:
Mini whiteboards, pens & erasers.
Slinky
Science Clips DVD.
Dr Daq
Vacuum jar
Buzzer, croc leads & 4.5v battery.
What is sound and how does it travel?
Sunday, 15 April 2018

6. Getting started Travels well Travels less well Does not travel well
How well does sound travel through these?
Travels well
Travels less well
Does not travel well
Steel
Water
Air
Fabric
Sunday, 15 April 2018

7. Lesson objectives Learn how sound travels as a compression wave.
Learn what frequency means.
Learn how to write a definition.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

8. By the end of the lesson…
You should be able to explain how sound travels through different substances.
You should know what sound frequency is.
You will have written a scientific definition.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

9. Links University of Leicester Sonoma State University
Sunday, 15 April 2018

10. Activity Mr. Slinky: Showing how sound travels.
Science Clips: Light & Sound parts 6 & 7.
Demonstration using vacuum jar.
Activity 1: Drawing a compression wave. [graphic]
Activity 2: Adding an explanation.
Frequency: How frequently do the vibrations come? Demonstration with Mr. Slinky.
Next bit
Sunday, 15 April 2018

11. Composing a definition
Work in pairs with a whiteboard.
Decide on:
What frequency means.
How frequency affects the sound.
What units frequency is measured in.
Draft a definition for FREQUENCY OF SOUND.
Copy into exercise book.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

12. And finally…
Happy face / miserable face… Have you understood the idea of compression waves and frequency?
The bit I didn’t understand was…
Slinky physics
Homework: Complete your written definition of Frequency in your exercise book.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

13. How are different frequencies produced?
Lesson 2
How are different frequencies produced?
Lesson 2: Equipment
Mini whiteboards, pens & erasers
Wooden Metre rule, G cramp, thick whiteboard pen & hefty rubber band.
Frequency generator
Dog whistle
Science in Action DVD4
Sunday, 15 April 2018

14. Just for starters…
Draw a musical instrument that makes a high pitched sound.
Draw an animal that makes a high pitched sound.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

15. Objectives To learn more about frequency.
To learn how frequency affects pitch.
To learn how to draw sound waves.
Learn about audible frequencies.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

16. By the end of this lesson…
You should know how to draw sound waves to show different frequencies.
Now the meaning of Hertz in the measurement of frequency.
Know what audible frequency range is about.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

17. Demonstration 1 Pinging a rule on the edge of a table.
Notice that the pitch changes when the overhanging rule is changed.
Notice that the speed of vibration changes when the overhanging rule is changed.
Watch what happens when you use a metre rule.
Fixing a pen to the end allows you to draw the vibrations. (See a video)
Sunday, 15 April 2018

18. Drawing frequency sound waves
Use your knowledge to draw a high frequency sound wave (keep all the waves the same size).
Add a caption.
Use your knowledge to draw a low frequency sound wave.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

19. Changing the pitch. Photo of frequency generator.
Exploring the frequency generator.
Dog whistle.
Bats.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

20. Key questions: Drawings & writing.
Describe how the frequency of a vibration affects the pitch.
Explain what audible frequency range is and why there is an upper and lower limit.
Describe and explain mat
Sunday, 15 April 2018

21. “The greater the frequency, the higher the pitch.”
Explanations 1
Describe how the frequency of a vibration affects the pitch.
“The greater the frequency, the higher the pitch.”
Sunday, 15 April 2018

22. Explanations 2
Describe how the frequency of a vibration affects the pitch.
“The frequency is the number of vibrations per second. Frequent vibrations make higher sounds. Therefore, the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch of the sound.”
Sunday, 15 April 2018

23. Explanations 3
Describe how the frequency of a vibration affects the pitch.
“The frequency is the number of vibrations per second. This is measured in Hertz.
Frequent vibrations make higher sounds. Therefore, the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch of the sound.”
Sunday, 15 April 2018

24. Plenary Science in Action: Disc 4. ‘Amplitude and Frequency’.
Homework: Complete the KEY QUESTIONS in your exercise book.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

25. Lesson 3 How do ears work? Sunday, 15 April 2018 Lesson 3: Equipment
Model ear.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

26. Objectives To learn how ears work.
To learn how careful drawing can help you learn how things function.
To learn how to use flow diagrams to describe processes.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

27. Lesson 4 Amplitude AKA Volume Sunday, 15 April 2018
Lesson 4: Equipment
Dr Daq
Mini whiteboards, pens & erasers.
Sound level meters (one per table)
Sunday, 15 April 2018

28. Objectives
To learn how the size of vibrations affect loudness (amplitude).
To learn how to draw sound waves for loud and quiet sounds.
To learn how people are affected by sound.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

29. Links
Sunday, 15 April 2018

30. HOW MUCH NOISE? Is the amplitude acceptable?
Sound Levels and Human Response
Rocket launching pad (no ear protection)
Noise Level (dB): 140 to 180
Effect: Irreversible hearing loss
Sunday, 15 April 2018

31. IDEAS: Three assignments.
Where does your classroom fit into this? How about other places in the school?
What noise levels are acceptable for you personally? At what level does your concentration fade away?
How could you present this information informatively? Is there help on the Internet?
Sunday, 15 April 2018

32. Plenary
Do loud sounds affect our hearing?
Sunday, 15 April 2018

33. Homework
Complete the three assignments.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

34. Lesson 5 Sound insulation Sunday, 15 April 2018 Lesson 5: Equipment
Sound level meters
Various insulation materials
Buzzers, croc wires & transformers.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

35. Starter… Sound travels by the particles pushing against each other.
Work in pairs
Sound travels by the particles pushing against each other.
If you wanted to sound-proof a room, how would you do it?
Sunday, 15 April 2018

36. Objectives To learn how why some materials insulate sound.
To revise the idea of key variables.
To revise your ability to design and conduct a fair test and get useful results.
To revise how to present results and write a clear explanation.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

37. The basic idea… Use the buzzer inside a container as the sound source.
Measure the sound level with and without different insulations (put the insulation over the microphone, not around the buzzer).
Sunday, 15 April 2018

38. Variables INDEPENDENT VARIABLE The variable I will test is…
The variable I will measure is…
CONTROL VARIABLES
The variables I will keep the same are…
Sunday, 15 April 2018

39. Concluding
You have a set of results but why did some materials insulate sound better than others?
Explain why. Show your technical knowledge of what sound is and how different materials might affect the way sound travels through them.
Explanations mat ~ Level 5 mat
Sunday, 15 April 2018

40. Revising progress and targets
Lesson 6
Revising progress and targets
Lesson 6: Equipment
Target sheets
Sunday, 15 April 2018

41. Objectives To focus on your successes. To identify one target.
To help you to make steady progress and aim to achieve your best.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

42. Instructions:
Look through your class work on sound. Find two things that you did best.
Look through your class work on sound. Find one thing that you need to improve most. This will be your target.
Draft your target onto your target sheet and hand it in.
Sunday, 15 April 2018

43. The Doppler effect and the speed of sound.
Lesson 7
The Doppler effect and the speed of sound.
Equipment:
‘Crocodile Clips Physics’ simulation software
Sunday, 15 April 2018

44. Assessing your knowledge and understanding.
Lesson 8
Assessing your knowledge and understanding.
Equipment
Test paper
Sunday, 15 April 2018

45. Lesson 9
Feedback and revision of targets. Identifying where more learning is needed.
No equipment required
Sunday, 15 April 2018