1. Acids and Bases

2. What are Acids?
An acids is a compound that produces hydrogen ions H+(aq) when dissolved in water.
Acids have these properties:
Acids have a sour taste.
Will react with metals (produces H2 gas)
React with carbonates (produces CO2 gas)
Conduct electricity (in aqueous solutions)
Turn blue litmus paper red
Neutralize bases

3. Naming Acids
Binary acids are acids composed of two elements: hydrogen and a non-metal.
The rules for naming binary acids are:
Write the root of the non-metal name.
Add the prefix hydro- to the root name.
Add the ending –ic to the root name.
Add the word acid at the end.
Example: HF(aq)
HCl(aq)
HBr(aq)
HI(aq)

4. Naming Oxoacids
Oxoacids are composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and another element.
Steps in naming Oxoacids:
Write the name of the anion, without the -ate or –ite ending.
(a)If the anion name ended in –ate replace it with –ic at the end of the name.
(b)If the anion name ended in –ite, replace it with –ous at the end of the name.
Add the word acid at the end.
Example: H2SO4(aq)
H2SO3(aq)
HNO3(aq)
H3PO4(aq)
HClO3(aq)

5. Writing Chemical Formulas for Acids
The following steps should be followed when writing acid formulas:
Determine whether it is a binary acid or an acid containing a polyatomic ion (oxoacid).
(a) If it is binary acid, the name starts with hydro- and ends with –ic.
Find the ion symbols and their charges using a periodic table and then cross over the charges.
(b) If it is a oxoacid, the name doesn’t start with hydro-.
If it ends with –ic, the polyatomic ion’s name must end with –ate.
If it ends with –ous, the polyatomic ion’s name must end with –ite.
Check the periodic table and polyatomic ions table for the ion symbols and charges. Then cross over the charges.

6. Bases
Bases are compounds that form hydroxide ions OH-(aq) when dissolved in water.
Bases have these properties:
bitter taste
Slippery to touch
Corrosive to skin
Conduct electricity
Turns red litmus blue
Neutralize acids

7. Naming Bases
Since many bases are polyatomic compounds, they follow the same naming rules. Example: NaOH(aq) CaOH(aq) NH4OH(aq) Mg(OH)2 NaHCO3(aq)

8. Writing Chemical Formulas for Bases
The following steps should be followed when writing base formulas.
Use the periodic table and/or polyatomic ions table to identify the symbols for the cation and anion in the base and their charges.
Cross over the charges.