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US Honey Bee Pests and Diseases Survey

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Presentation on theme: "US Honey Bee Pests and Diseases Survey"— Presentation transcript:

1 US Honey Bee Pests and Diseases Survey
Dr. Robyn Rose/USDA-APHIS

2 Steering Committee Robyn Rose, APHIS Dennis vanEngelsdorp, UMD
Jeff Pettis, ARS Karen Rennich, UMD

3 USDA Honey Bee Pests Survey
USDA CCD Action Plan House passed Farm Bill House Resolution (H.R.) 2419, Section in 2008 Increased monies into apiculture and CCD-related issues 2nd goal is to determine current status of honey bee colony production and health Objective 2 of this goal is to develop a long-term annual APHIS survey on the overall health status of U.S. honey bees Designated as a high priority

4 USDA Honey Bee Pests Survey
USDA- APHIS National bee pest survey 2009 Pilot tested in 3 sates 2010 Limited survey in 13 states National survey in 34 states National survey in 32 states Funded by APHIS from Farm Bill Section 10201

5 USDA Honey Bee Pests Survey
Primary Objective- Exotics e.g., Tropilaelaps, Apis cerana, SBPV Secondary Objective- Evaluation of Honey Bee Health

6 US Honey Bee Pests Survey
Pilot Survey (2009) included 3 states California Florida Hawaii Test methodology

7 US Honey Bee Pests Survey
Limited National Survey (2010) included 13 states Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, (Hawaii), Indiana, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, South Dakota Increased state participation Sampling took place over much of the calendar year APHIS, ARS and PSU collaboration

8 2011 Survey: 34 States Considered a full National Survey
Nebraska New York New Mexico New Hampshire New Jersey North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Louisiana Maryland Michigan Minnesota Montana

9 2012 Survey Map

10 US Honey Bee Pests and Diseases Survey Sampling Protocol
Dr. Dennis vanEngelsdorp, University of Maryland

11 US Honey Bee Pests Survey
Live Bee Sample Molecular analysis Apis cerana Viruses Nosema spp Alcohol Sample Nosema load Varroa load Bump sample (in alcohol) Tropilaelaps Pollen Pesticide analysis

12 Survey Equipment

13 Live Bee Survey Kit

14 Survey Targets(for 2011) Species to monitor for: Tropilaelaps
Apis cerana Slow Bee Paralysis Virus Diseases Viruses (IAPV, CBPV, DWV, ABPV, SBPV, BQCV) Nosema

15 Select a Frame of Brood

16 Live Bee Sample ¼ cup bees per hive Err on light side
Random hive (not obviously sick, not obviously healthy)

17 Live Bee Sample

18 Live Bee Sample Issues with some post offices for shipping live bees
Some will not ship PRIORITY even though stated on box Postal regulations May need to change shipping procedure for HI

19 Live Bee Survey Targets
Species to monitor for: Apis cerana Slow Paralysis Virus IAPV, CBPV, DWV, ABPV, SBPV, BQCV (2011) Nosema Sp. Value of stored samples

20 Nosema/Varroa Alcohol Sample

21 Alcohol Bee Survey Targets
Species to monitor for: Varroa load Nosema Sp.

22 Tropilaelaps “Bump” Sample

23 Tropilaelaps “Bump” Sample

24 Tropilaelaps “Bump” Sample

25 Tropilaelaps Varroa (left) and Tropilaelaps (right)

26 Bump Test Sensitivity Sensitivity – 36%
For 95% Confidence of detecting Need to test 165 random colonies

27 US Honey Bee Pests Survey
24 apiaries per state Participation is voluntary 8 hives per apiary 3 samples collected from the 8 hives Wet/alcohol sample Bump/Tropilaelaps sample Live bee sample Pollen sample

28 Why sample THERE? In field realities
Capture a cross-country view of honey bee health Concentrate particularly on high-risk areas Longer growing seasons Ports of entry where foreign pests might enter the country Increased hive movement in and out of states that could increase the bees’ exposure to parasites and diseases In field realities

29 US Honey Bee Pests Survey (our sampling wish list)
Each state Divides into 4 quadrants Sample 6 apiaries (randomly?) within each quadrant Prioritize Apiaries near ports or other areas of high risk preferred Queen Producers 10 apiaries Migratory 12 apiaries Stationary Cut into quarters? Good luck!

30 2011 APHIS National Survey Preliminary Results
Karen Rennich/University of Maryland

31 Sample and Reporting Status
84% of all samples received 70% of all reports distributed Request completion by end of June 2012 All pollen samples received and analyzed Working on report format to provide context to results Reports to beekeepers expected in next 2 weeks No Tropilaelaps mites detected in any sample No SPV detected in any sample DWV and BQCV highly prevalent

32 New Report format Includes: Varroa mite and nosema spore load
+/- on 6 viruses DWV BQCV IAPV SBPV CBPV ABPV National viral prevalence from this year’s survey Percentile ranking for the 2 common viruses Percentile ranking for Varroa mite and Nosema spore loads

33 Single report with comprehensive analysis

34 Report enables comparison on a national level

35 Viral Prevalence (2011 survey data only)
IAPV at 5% DWV at 75% BQCV at 58% ABPV at 8% CBPV at 0.6%

36 Nosema-PRELIMINARY To date, 3 samples have tested positive for N. apis
Partway through analysis, we moved to a more sensitive primer that may have allowed us to detect this species Will re-run all previous samples with this primer Average spore load is 0.26 million spores/bee Average spore load for samples testing positive is million spores/bee

37 Varroa-PRELIMINARY Average mite load is 5.5 mites/100 bees
Average mite load for samples testing positive is 5.7 mites/100 bees

38 Where data is going APHIS/NAPIS database – has been stored since initial Pilot survey in 2009 and will continue to be stored in subsequent surveys Bee Informed Partnership Database – a 5 year USDA/NIFA grant that strives to reduce winter losses on managed colony losses Core to this is the honey bee health database with information networked from many different sources All these data will be collected in a central database to provide beekeepers the tools they need to make more informed management decisions Database has been designed to ensure strict access control with encryption to protect privacy and allow access only to vetted individuals

39 Bee Informed Partnership
Management surveys: What works and doesn’t work for you On the ground diagnostic testing National historic and ongoing diagnostic data YOU! Database

40 2011 APHIS National Survey Pollen Sampling
Dr. Jeff Pettis/USDA-ARS Beltsville Bee Lab

41 2012 Pollen Sampling –Full 32 state survey
10 samples per state Analysis of 200 pesticides conducted at USDA/AMS in Gastonia, NC Minimum of 3 grams required in aggregate 8 colony sample

42 2012 Pollen Sampling Kit Pre-paid, pre-addressed USPS Priority shipping box DVD with instructional video for those states who have not done this before 10 wooden ‘coffee’ sticks 10 plastic vials w/marker for labeling sample number Paper copy of the sampling protocol and storage instructions

43 Sample pesticide report from AMS
Will be included with our analysis from all 99 samples

44 Acknowledgements YOU, THE STATES! Beltsville Bee Lab: Jeff Pettis
We’ve had proactive and enthusiastic participation – Thank you! Beltsville Bee Lab: Jeff Pettis Molecular: Jay Evans, Dawn Lopez, Margaret Smith Nosema/Varroa: Rachel Bozarth, Heather Eversole, Jennie Stitzinger (U of MD) Tropilaelaps: Vic Levi

45 INFORMATION Email Questions to:
Karen Rennich Website: oney_bees/survey.shtml

46 QUESTIONS??

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