1. Staying Connected 24/7: Safeguard Consumer Electronics
with Proper Circuit Protection
Day 3: Consumer Electronics Standards

2. Circuit Protection & Standards for Consumer Electronics
Fulfill a most important role together: Protect the valuable devices we depend on every day from damage caused by their biggest threat… … the USER!

3. Consumer Electronics Standards
Compliance standards established by IEC, ISO and other regulatory organizations provide guidelines for manufacturers to follow when designing, producing and testing consumer electronics designs. There are also global standards to keep in mind.
Today’s session addresses these important standards:
Human Body Model (HBM)
IEC
IEC
IEC
ISO 10605

4. Compliance Challenges for Consumer Electronics
IC content continues to become smaller, faster and more ESD sensitive.
Human Body Model (on-chip ESD decreasing)
IEC (many companies test above this spec)
ISO (harsher than IEC )
Protection products need to meet AEC-Q101 when used in automotive applications.
Protection devices will need to be robust enough for the transient environment, yet be able to clamp to a low enough level to protect the ICs.
Safety standards focus on protection of consumer electronics from being a source of fire or shock hazards.
IEC : Information Technology Equipment
IEC : A/V, Information Technology, and Communications Equipment

5. ESD Standards: Human Body Model (HBM)
Wafer fab and back-end assembly environments
Based on Skin-to-Metal Contact
e.g. Person touches pin of IC, discharging directly to pins
Used in Military Standard (883E) test specification
Addresses the Manufacturing/Production environment
Testing is done directly on the IC
Circuit Model:
Discharge Voltage Peak Current
500V A
1,000V A
2,000V A
Testing is generally limited to 2kV level; factory ESD policies and personnel precautions limit the amount of static electricity that can be built up.

6. ESD Standards: IEC
Focus is on field-level ESD in applications
Based on Metal-to-Metal Contact
e.g. Person with tool/key in hand discharges to I/O port
Used in IEC test specification
Addresses the user-environment
Testing is done at the application or system level
Circuit Model:
Contact Discharge Peak Current
2,000V A
4,000V A
6,000V A
8,000V A

7. Comparing the Two Specifications – IEC 61000-4-2 vs. Human Body Model
Peak current Peak current
Discharge Voltage Human Body Model IEC
500 V A A
1,000 V A A
2,000 V A A
4,000 V Does not apply A
8,000 V Does not apply A
ESD protection that is built into the ICs.
ESD threat that the application commonly experiences in the field.
The key here is that a chipset that survives Human Body Model testing (in the manufacturing environment) is not guaranteed to survive in the field, where the exposure to ESD will be much more severe.
Different models yield much different peak current values; ultimately electrical stresses on the chipset are very different.
ESD levels in the field far exceed the values that can be generated in the manufacturing environment.

8. Safety Standards: IEC 60950-1
Circuits designed as Limited Power Sources reduce the likelihood of fire hazards
Table 2B defines limits for LPS without overcurrent protective devices (fuses)
Circuits designed as Limited Current Sources reduce the likelihood of electrical shock
For ≤ 1 kHz, steady-state current cannot exceed 0.7 mA peak, 2.0 mA dc
For > 1 kHz, current limit is 0.7 mA x freq. but no greater than 70 mA peak

9. Safety Standards: IEC 62368-1
New global safety standard that combines requirements from:
IEC : Information Technology Equipment
IEC 60065: Audio/Video Equipment
Uses a hazard-based safety approach, where requirements focus on fire & shock hazards and how to prevent them
Fewer rigid requirements – more design flexibility

10. Where is ESD Protection needed for Tablets? (Reference IEC 61000-4-2)
Buttons/switches
ESD transient
SIM socket
ESD transient
Headphone port (audio)
ESD transient
LCD module
ESD transient
Memory slot (MMC, SD card)
ESD transient
DC input
Fault current
ESD/surge
USB2.0/3.0 port
Fault current
ESD transient
HDMI port
ESD transient

11. Where ESD Protection is needed for Set-top Boxes
Where ESD Protection is needed for Set-top Boxes? (Reference IEC )
Cable (F-Conn)
ESD transient
Audio (in/out)
ESD transient
Memory slot (SD card)
ESD transient
USB2.0 Port
ESD transient
USB3.0 Port
AC Input
Fault current
Surge transient
DC Input
ESD/surge
Ethernet port
ESD transient
Surge/ESD transients
HDMI Port
ESD transient
Video (Comp.)
ESD transient
eSATA Port
ESD transient
Keypads/Buttons (On Front)
ESD transient

12. Protection Solutions / Standards for Consumer Electronics in Automotive Aftermarket
Applications include:
Security Systems
Infotainment Systems
Audio Systems
Remote Start
GPS
Cellular/Wi-Fi Connectivity
For additional information, see the course: Deliver Roadworthy Designs: Safeguard Automotive Electronics Technologies with Proper Circuit Protection
Slide #12

13. ISO 10605: What does it apply to?
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the electrostatic discharge (ESD) test methods necessary to evaluate electronic modules intended for vehicle use. It applies to discharges in the following cases:
ESD in assembly
ESD caused by service staff
ESD caused by occupants
ESD applied to the device under test (DUT) can directly influence the DUT. ESD applied to neighboring parts can couple into supply and signal lines of the DUT in the vehicle and/or directly into the DUT.
This International Standard describes test procedures for evaluating both electronic modules on the bench and complete vehicles. This International Standard applies to all types of road vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor).
This International Standard is based in part on IEC and describes vehicle-specific requirements.

14. ISO 10605: How is ESD applied? 9.3 Test procedure 9.3.1 General
The test shall be performed by direct contact discharge on all pins and contacts, and/or discharge mode on all surfaces and points that can be touched during the assembly process or in the service case.
Apply the ESD at (as a minimum) each connector pin, case, button, switch, display, case screw and case opening of the DUT that is accessible during handling. For this procedure, recessed connector pins are considered accessible during handling
To access recessed connector pins, an insulated solid wire with a cross-section between 0, 5mm2 and 2 mm2 and a maximum length of 25 mm shall be used.

15. ISO 10605: ESD simulator models
10.1 General
Choose a generator capacitance of 330 pF for areas that can easily be accessed only from the inside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 k Ω. the maximum test voltage can be limited in this case to 15 kV. Choose a capacitance of 150 pF for points that can easily be touched only from the outside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 k Ω. In this case, the maximum test voltage is 25 kV. Areas that can be touched both from the outside and inside shall be tested with both generator capacitance values and 15 kV and 25 kV maximum test voltage, respectively.
Before applying any discharges to the DUT, verify that the ESD generator discharge verification procedure, as specified in Annex A, has been performed within the time period established by the laboratory or the customer.
D.1 Resistor value selection
Testing with 2 k Ω resistor represents the discharge of a human body directly through the skin. Testing with 330 Ω resistor represents the discharge of a human body through a metallic part (i.e. tool, key, ring). A test with a 330 Ω resistor is more severe than testing with 2 kΩ.
330pF waveform
150pV waveform

16. ISO 10605: Overview of ESD Generator Parameters
For the test of electronic modules, the ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150 pF capacitor , depending on the DUT location in the vehicle (see 10.1), and the 330 Ω resistor. If the DUT location is not specified, the 330 pF capacitor shall be used.

17. ESD Standards Summary: Comparison of Major Standards
Simulator model
Charging capacitor
Discharge resistor
Test voltage (max)
Environmental focus
Human Body Model
100 pF
1,500Ω
500V to 2,000V
Simulates the environment inside the factory environment (wafer fab/assembly
IEC
150 pF
330Ω
15kV air discharge
Simulates the field level ESD to which applications will be subjected in the field
ISO 10605, interior
330 pF
15kV contact discharge
Simulates ESD environment inside the automobile; also used for electronic modules
ISO 10605, exterior
25kV air discharge
Simulates ESD environment around the exterior of the automobile

18. Thank You for your attention! Any questions?